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Note: (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
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The cost of supplying the infrastructure ratio (excluding certain
services and the cost of the land) in 1989, using Option 1 as a
baseline and assuming the highest level of services for each option,
was approximately as follows 1 : 1,42: 1,67: 2,19: 3,74: 4,14.
Actual costs will depend on site and other conditions.
VIP refers to Ventilated Improved Pit toilets (latrines!. while VIDP
refers to Ventilated Improved Double Pit latrines.
The various services are not fixed for a given option and different
combinations of services are possible. The development options
accordingly, are a guide only.
The assumed density is 20 - 25 residential sites ha- 1 .
The 1989 selling price of infrastructure per residential site less than
750 m 2 in proclaimed townships on (former) South African
Development Trust land and in KwaZulu was as follows:
Pillar taps, pit latrines and roads (graded only)
Pillar taps, pit latrines and gravel roads
Water, pit latrines and gravel roads
Pillar taps, sewerage and gravel roads
Water, sewerage and gravel roads
Water, sewerage and tarred roads
R 600
R1200
R1200
R1300
R1400
R2400
(vi) Option 4 (metered standpipe/pillar tap on individual sites) is not
generally recommended, but should be allowed as an upgrading
option, if accompanied by a properly designed facility for the disposal
of wastewater. The upgrading of an area from Options 1 - 3 to
Option 4 is considered feasible. For design purposes, assume that
50% of such areas will ultimately consist of Options 1 - 3, and that
the remainder will upgrade to Option 4. Design however, does not
allow for upgrading from Options 1 - 4 to Options 5 - 6.
(vii) Further reference should be made to the Blue book, namely,
Anonymous, 1983. Guidelines for the provision of engineering
services for residential townships, Department of Community
Development, Pretoria, various pages (Part F - water supply), and to
the Green book, namely, Anonymous, 1988. Towards guidelines for
services and amenities in developing communities, Department of
Development Aid, Pretoria, various pages. See also Footnote (iv) of
Table L8.