View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository

More documents

Recommendations

Info

277 11111:[.1111111 Africa. Five core documents should be carefully examined by readers in search of background information on the RDp·. 12.4 Water and sanitation planning in black urban areas of NatallKwaZulu 12.4.1 RSA-KwaZulu Development Project guidelines The technical co-ordinators of the RSA-KwaZulu Development Project, namely, Van Wyk and Louw Inc. (now Africon Engineering International Ltd), PO Box 1319, Westville, 3630, compiled a series of guidelines/standards for the upgrading of existing areas; and for the planning of new residential suburbs and towns in black settled areas. The guidelines have importantimplications for the design of water and sanitation infrastructure, including water demand. The guidelines were developed from the so-called "Blue book" and the "Green book", produced by the (former) Department of Community Development and the (former) Department of Development Aid respectively··. Planning guidelines provided by the RSA-KwaZulu Development Project concern inter alia amenities (Table La); secondly, infrastructure options (Table L9) and thirdly, water consumption guidelines (Table L10). Department of Community Development water demand (design) data are presented in Table L11. • •• See African National Congress, 1994. The Reconstruction and Development Programme: a Policy Framework. Umanyano Publications, Johannesburg, 147 p., as well as'Anonymous, 1994. RDP White Paper: discussion document, IGovemment Printer], [Pretoria], 60 p., and Anonymous, 1994. White Paper on Reconstruction and Development, WPJ/1994, Government Gazette No. 16085 of the 23rd November 1994, Government Printer, Pretoria, 81 p. (Government Notice GN 1954/94). See in addition, the RDP Monitor, published by Stock Infonnation Services Ltd, PO Box 938, Pinegowrie, 2123. The monthly publication (VOL 1(1), June/July/August 1994 - current), provides brief details on both national and international media coverage of the RDP, with editorial comment. Examine also, RDP News, a monthlylbi-monthly compendium of RDP projects and news (No. 1, January 1995 - current), published by the South African Communication Service, Private Bag X745, Pretoria, 0001. Further infonnation on the RDP can be obtained through the perusal of newspaper columns. In this regard. it should be noted that the University of the Orange Free State provides a cuttings service (known as INCHIINEG), based on 85 South African newspapers and journals (see Table B7 in Chapter 2). Contact the Institute for Contemporary History, PO Box 2320, Bloemfontein, 9300. The Regional Research and Reporting Corporation, PO Box 13060,Clubview, 0014, publishes Focus, a monthly collation of important press cuttings on political, economic and social news, drawn from 10 South African newspapers. The latter Department assumed some of the housing functions of the Department of Community Development, following the Department's closure in 1983. The Department of Development Aid was first known as the Department of Native Affairs, thereafter the Department of Bantu Administration and Development, then the Department of Plural Relations and Development, and was subsequently known as the Department of Co-operation and Development. The Department was dissolved in December 1991.
278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Development Project planning guidelines/standards for amenities in terms of the upgrading of existing areas. and for the establishment of new black (urban) residential sites and towns in Natal/KwaZulu. 1990. Civic/cultural amenities Amenity Details Town centre One per town Community centrelhall One per community Local administration office One per community Central administration office One per town Ubrary One per 3 - 5 communities Municipal depot One per town Rre station One per town Cemetery As per formula - see Anonymous (1985 - below) Neighbourhood clinic One per community Major clinic (24 hours) One per 5 000 residential sites Community hospital One per town Regional hospital Police station Court building Prison One per region One per town One per town One per region Post office One per 3 - 5 communities Telephone exchange Pra-primary school One per 20 000 residential sites One per 500 residential sites Primary school (assuming 1 000 pupils One per 650 residential sites (high sociowith 28 classrooms, and one multi- economic status) purpose centre) One per 550 residential sites (middle socioeconomic status) Secondary school (assuming 1 000 pupils with 42 classrooms) One per 500 residential sites (Iow socioeconomic status) One per 1 300 residential sites (high socioeconomic status) One per 1 375 residential sites (middle socioeconomic status) One per 1 500 residential sites (Iow socioeconomic status)
Page 1:
A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
Page 4 and 5:
Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
Page 7 and 8:
lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
Page 9 and 10:
11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
Page 11 and 12:
Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
Page 13 and 14:
Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
Page 16 and 17:
13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
Page 18 and 19:
Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
Page 20 and 21:
17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
Page 22 and 23:
19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
Page 24 and 25:
21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
Page 26 and 27:
23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
Page 28 and 29:
25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40:
Page 43 and 44:
IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
Page 45 and 46:
10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
Page 47:
111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
Page 52 and 53:
49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
Page 54 and 55:
51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
Page 56 and 57:
53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
Page 58 and 59:
55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
Page 60 and 61:
57 large catchments data. The Centr
Page 62 and 63:
59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
Page 64 and 65:
Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
Page 66 and 67:
63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
Page 68 and 69:
65 Table J24: Department of Water A
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
Page 84 and 85:
81 Station closed Station closed U2
Page 86 and 87:
83 Station Drainage region Station
Page 88 and 89:
85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
Page 90 and 91:
87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
Page 92:
89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
Page 95:
111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
Page 98 and 99:
Table J28: Some relevant data on se
Page 101 and 102:
IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
Page 103 and 104:
100 the respective departments at P
Page 105 and 106:
1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
Page 107 and 108:
104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
Page 109 and 110:
Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
Page 111 and 112:
1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
Page 113 and 114:
110 There is a growing South Africa
Page 115 and 116:
112 Attention has also been focused
Page 117 and 118:
114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
Page 119 and 120:
116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
Page 121 and 122:
IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
Page 123 and 124:
1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
Page 125 and 126:
10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
Page 127 and 128:
124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
Page 129 and 130:
111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
Page 131 and 132:
Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
Page 133:
Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
Page 136 and 137:
133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
Page 138 and 139:
135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
Page 140 and 141:
Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
Page 142 and 143:
139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
Page 144 and 145:
141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
Page 146 and 147:
143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
Page 148 and 149:
145 1111111111111 the Board will as
Page 150 and 151:
147 Table J40: Administrative regio
Page 152 and 153:
149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
Page 154 and 155:
151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
Page 156 and 157:
153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
Page 159 and 160:
156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
Page 161 and 162:
158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
Page 163 and 164:
Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
Page 165 and 166:
162 off low - responsible inter ali
Page 167 and 168:
11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
Page 169 and 170:
tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
Page 171 and 172:
Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
Page 173:
Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
Page 178 and 179:
174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
Page 180 and 181:
176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
Page 183 and 184:
179 a particular site, then a stati
Page 185 and 186:
181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
Page 187 and 188:
183 good. with a total dissolved so
Page 189 and 190:
(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
Page 191 and 192:
187 Table K1: Some geological forma
Page 193 and 194:
189 fault-bounded blocks, although
Page 195 and 196:
191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
Page 197 and 198:
193 coarse and the latter, fine and
Page 199 and 200:
195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
Page 202 and 203:
11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
Page 205 and 206:
201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
Page 207 and 208:
203 boreholes are drilled for both
Page 209 and 210:
205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
Page 211 and 212:
207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
Page 213 and 214:
(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
Page 215:
Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
Page 218:
214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
Page 222 and 223:
JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
Page 224 and 225:
i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
Page 226 and 227:
222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
Page 228 and 229:
1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
Page 230 and 231:
226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
Page 232 and 233: 228 also obtainable from the Ground
Page 234 and 235: Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
Page 236 and 237: 232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
Page 238 and 239: 234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
Page 240 and 241: Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
Page 242 and 243: NOTES: 238
Page 244 and 245: 239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
Page 246 and 247: 12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
Page 248 and 249: 243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
Page 250 and 251: Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
Page 252 and 253: Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
Page 254: 249 111111:llllltJI Source: After A
Page 257 and 258: 1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
Page 259 and 260: lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
Page 261 and 262: * 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
Page 263 and 264: 1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
Page 265 and 266: 260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
Page 267 and 268: * ** 262 are in agreement with cons
Page 270 and 271: Table L7: Some South African indust
Page 272 and 273: Table L7: 267 Some South African In
Page 274 and 275: Table L7: 269 Some South African in
Page 276 and 277: Table L7: 271 Some South African In
Page 278 and 279: Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
Page 281: 276 concentrate on the provision of
Page 286 and 287: Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 288 and 289: Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 291 and 292: 286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
Page 293 and 294: IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
Page 296: 291 design phase of projects. Any a
Page 299 and 300: 294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
Page 301: 11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
Page 304 and 305: 299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
Page 306: 301 Table L13: Specific training ag
Page 309 and 310: 304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
Page 312: 307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
Page 315 and 316: 310 Table L15: A typology of social
Page 317: 1111111..11 312 Table L15: A typolo
Page 320 and 321: 315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
Page 322 and 323: 317 Table L18: Mean household size
Page 324 and 325: 319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
Page 326 and 327: 321 Table L19: Existing housing del
Page 328 and 329: 323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
Page 330 and 331: NOTES: 325
show all

View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?