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293 Table L12: Some extant water wheels, turgo-wheels, pelton wheels and turbines in Natal/KwaZulu, 1993. Northern NatallKwaZulu Name Address System B. Albers PO Box 107, Melmoth, 3835 Water wheel R. Klingenberg P 0 Box 24, Luneburg, 3183 Turbine W. Moolman P 0 Box 331, Newcastle, 2940 Pelton wheel A. Niebuhr P 0 Box 132, Paulpietersburg, 3180 Turbine H. Niebuhr P 0 Box 22, Luneburg, 3183 Turbine P. RohrslW. Rohrs P 0 Box 107, Paulpietersburg, 3180 Turbines Natal Midlands and environs C. De Nysschen P 0 Muden, 3251 Water wheel Dunlop Africa - Industrial P 0 Box 29, Howick, 3290 Turgo-wheel Products Ltd R. English P 0 Box 242, Richmond, 3780 Pelton wheel M. Harburn PO Box 39, Rosetta, 3301 Pelton wheel Harlestone Farm P 0 Box 336, Mooi River, 3300 Turbine P. Harms . P 0 Box 349, Mooi River, 3300 Turgo-wheel G. Holland P 0 Box 49, Bulwer, 3244 Modern water wheel G. Laurens Private Bag X3, Nottingham Road, Pelton wheel 3280 A. Mackenzie P 0 Uons River, 3260 Turbine M. Macphail P 0 Box 11001, Dorpspruit, 3206 Turbine and pelton wheel S. McLean P 0 Box 112, Himeville, 3256 Pelton wheel H. Mingay P 0 Box 45, Donnybrook, 3237 .Turbine G. Pascoe PO Boston, 3211 Turbine Reichenau Catholic Mission P 0 Swamp, 4565 Damaged water wheel K. Robinson P 0 Boston, 3211 Turbine P. Shaw P 0 Box 570, Howick, 3290 Turbine S. Solomon P 0 Box 1136, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 Modern turbine and trancis wheel St Isadore Farm P 0 Box 206, Ixopo, 3276 Pelton wheel
294 Table L12: Some extant water wheels, turgo-wheels, perton wheels and turbines in NatallKwaZulu, 1993 Icontinued}. Name Address System N. Thurston P 0 Box 14, Underberg, 3257 Pelton wheel Weenen Town Board Museum P 0 Box 13, Weenen, 3325 Water wheel Natal South Coast, East Griqualand and Transkei D. Button P 0 Box 15, Umzimkulu, 3297 Turbine Mariazell Catholic Mission P 0 Box 68, Matatiele, 4730 Pelton wheel A. Matthee Gun Drift, P 0 Mtamvuna, 4683 Turbine Southern Natal Joint Services P 0 Box 33, Port Shepstone, 4240 Turbine Board Source: Reldwork. See also: Iil Russell, G., 1987. 130 years of water power in Natal, [published by the authorl, Durban, 77 p. IAvailable from the author at 138 Belvedere Road, Redhill, 4051, or at the Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg). lii) Walton, J., 1974. Water-mills. Windmills and Horse-mills of South Africa, C. Struik, Cape Town, 204 p. Note: lil Details of the design and construction of water wheels, rampumps, turbines, pelton wheels and turgo-wheels can be obtained from the following: • M. Corterrell, Ailsa Enterprises, PO Thomas River, 5311. • Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209. IEngineering faculties at other South African universities may also be able to provide technical information). • E. Harries, Albert Falls Power Company Ltd, P 0 Cramond, 3220. (Note: The firm has closed down, although technical expertise is still available). • W. Harrington, P 0 Boston, 3211. • G. Holland, P 0 Box 49, Bulwer, 3244. • Nelson Adams, PO Box 240, Brackenfell, 7561.
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A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
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Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
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lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
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11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
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Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
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Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
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13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
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Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
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17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
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19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
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21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
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23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
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IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
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10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
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111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
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49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
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51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
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53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
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55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
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57 large catchments data. The Centr
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59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
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Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
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65 Table J24: Department of Water A
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79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
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81 Station closed Station closed U2
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83 Station Drainage region Station
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85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
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87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
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(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
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187 Table K1: Some geological forma
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189 fault-bounded blocks, although
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191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
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193 coarse and the latter, fine and
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195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
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11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
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201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
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203 boreholes are drilled for both
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205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
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207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
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(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
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Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
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214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
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JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
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i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
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222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
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1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
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226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
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228 also obtainable from the Ground
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Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
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232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
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234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
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Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
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NOTES: 238
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239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
Page 246 and 247: 12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
Page 248 and 249: 243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
Page 250 and 251: Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
Page 252 and 253: Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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Page 259 and 260: lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
Page 261 and 262: * 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
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Page 265 and 266: 260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
Page 267 and 268: * ** 262 are in agreement with cons
Page 270 and 271: Table L7: Some South African indust
Page 272 and 273: Table L7: 267 Some South African In
Page 274 and 275: Table L7: 269 Some South African in
Page 276 and 277: Table L7: 271 Some South African In
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Page 286 and 287: Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 288 and 289: Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 291 and 292: 286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
Page 293 and 294: IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
Page 296: 291 design phase of projects. Any a
Page 301: 11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
Page 304 and 305: 299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
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Page 309 and 310: 304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
Page 312: 307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
Page 315 and 316: 310 Table L15: A typology of social
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Page 320 and 321: 315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
Page 322 and 323: 317 Table L18: Mean household size
Page 324 and 325: 319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
Page 326 and 327: 321 Table L19: Existing housing del
Page 328 and 329: 323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
Page 330 and 331: NOTES: 325
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