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Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative Action Trust-Southern Africa, P 0 Box 2763, Pietermaritzburg, 3200. • Amatikulu Primary Health Centre, KwaZulu Department of Health, Private Bag X2113, Nyoni, 3802. (The Centre has a small static display of various items of appropriate technology, mainly consisting of borehole handpumps). • Directorate of Community Development, Community Services Branch, Natal Provincial Administration, Private Bag X9037, Pietermaritzburg, 3200. • Division of Water Technology, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001. • Institute of Natural Resources, University of Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209. • KwaZulu Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Private Bag X05, Ulundi, 3838. • Port Natal/Ebhodwe Joint Services Board, P 0 Box 1520, Durban, 4000/Southern Natal Joint Services Board, P 0 Box 33, Port Shepstone, 4240IThukela Joint Services Board, P 0 Box 116, Ladysmith, 3370lZululand Joint Services Board, Private Bag X1025, Richards Bay, 3900. • Thuthuka, P 0 Box 4078, Durban, 4000. • Umgeni Water, P 0 Box 9, Pietermaritzburg, 3200. • Valley Trust, PO Box 33, Botha's Hill, 3660. • World Vision of Southern Africa, P 0 Box 17364, Congella, 4013.
NOTES: 231
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A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
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Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
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lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
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11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
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Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
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Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
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13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
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Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
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17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
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19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
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21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
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23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
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IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
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10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
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111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
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49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
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51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
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53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
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55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
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57 large catchments data. The Centr
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59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
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Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
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65 Table J24: Department of Water A
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79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
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81 Station closed Station closed U2
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83 Station Drainage region Station
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85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
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87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
Page 189 and 190: (iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
Page 191 and 192: 187 Table K1: Some geological forma
Page 193 and 194: 189 fault-bounded blocks, although
Page 195 and 196: 191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
Page 197 and 198: 193 coarse and the latter, fine and
Page 199 and 200: 195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
Page 202 and 203: 11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
Page 205 and 206: 201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
Page 207 and 208: 203 boreholes are drilled for both
Page 209 and 210: 205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
Page 211 and 212: 207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
Page 213 and 214: (a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
Page 215: Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
Page 218: 214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
Page 222 and 223: JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
Page 224 and 225: i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
Page 226 and 227: 222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
Page 228 and 229: 1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
Page 230 and 231: 226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
Page 232 and 233: 228 also obtainable from the Ground
Page 234 and 235: Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
Page 236 and 237: 232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
Page 238 and 239: 234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
Page 242 and 243: NOTES: 238
Page 244 and 245: 239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
Page 246 and 247: 12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
Page 248 and 249: 243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
Page 250 and 251: Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
Page 252 and 253: Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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Page 257 and 258: 1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
Page 259 and 260: lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
Page 261 and 262: * 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
Page 263 and 264: 1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
Page 265 and 266: 260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
Page 267 and 268: * ** 262 are in agreement with cons
Page 270 and 271: Table L7: Some South African indust
Page 272 and 273: Table L7: 267 Some South African In
Page 274 and 275: Table L7: 269 Some South African in
Page 276 and 277: Table L7: 271 Some South African In
Page 278 and 279: Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
Page 281 and 282: 276 concentrate on the provision of
Page 283: 278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 286 and 287: Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 288 and 289: Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
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IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
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291 design phase of projects. Any a
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294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
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11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
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299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
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301 Table L13: Specific training ag
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304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
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307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
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310 Table L15: A typology of social
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1111111..11 312 Table L15: A typolo
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315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
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317 Table L18: Mean household size
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319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
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321 Table L19: Existing housing del
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323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
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NOTES: 325
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