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39 Table J11: Runoff equations forthe ACRU runoff regions of NatallKwaZulu (continued). ACRU HRU HRU tertiary catchment Runoff equation Correlation Number runoff hydro coefficient in region logical sample zone 11 10 VOl B/02/03B/04/05/06/07B MAR = 10,27 x 10 0,00121 MAP 0,941 8 12 6b UllI13B/21/22/23B/30/40 MAR = 7,22 x 10 0,00132 MAP 0,997 7 13 3a VOlA MAR = 37,79 x 10 0,00083 MAP 0,996 5 14 3b U12N03A/07A MAR = 52,57 x 10 0,00072 MAP 0,999 5 15 2b U23A MAR = 20,81 x 10 0,00096 MAP 0,963 26 16 6a U13A MAR = 17,07 x 10 0,00105 MAP 0,950 14 17 2a T51/52 MAR = 12,31 x 10 0,00128 MAP 0,993 17 18 la T41/53/54/55 MAR = 6,56 x 10 0,00156 MAP 0,968 33 19 3d T35 MAR = 4,33 x 100,00164 MAP 0,972 9 20 3c T31 MAR = 3,00 x 10 0,00169 MAP 0,995 9 21 lb T42 MAR = 3,96 x 10 0,00168 MAP 0,997 8 Source: After Schulze, R.E., 1984. An assessment of the surface water resources of Natal, Natal Town and Regional Planning Commission Report, VOl 63, Pietermaritzburg, 44 p. and map. Note: Correlation coefficients are very high (all r> 0,941 with 10>0,990). Accordingly, estimates ofthe MAR which are based on the calibrated Pitman Model simulations generated by the Hydrological Research Unit (briefly discussed a little later in the chapter), can be assumed to be realistic. (ii) HRU tertiary catchment W34 does not exist. (iii) HRU tertiary catchment T32 was not included in the study by Schul2e (1984 - above). (iv) MAP refers to mean annual precipitation. 10.4.1 KwaZulu catchments The firm Eksteen Van der Wait and Nissen (1990) in an analysis of catchments in KwaZulu, divided the territory into 12 catchments on a priority basis (Table J12). Each catchment was given a three-digit number. The first digit indicates position from south to north - where 1 represents catchments in the south of Kwazulu; 2 represents the
IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: KwaZulu catchments as determined by Eksteen Van der Wait and Nissen IEVNI. 1990. EVN catchment code number River catchment 110 uMvoti 120 uThongati/uMdloti 130 uMngeni 140 iLovu/uMlazi 150 uMkhomazi 160 uMzimkhulu 210 uThukela/Amatigulu 310 uMfolozi 320 uMhlathuze 410 uPhongolo 420 uMkhuze 430 iHluhluwe/iNyalazi Source: After Anonymous. 1990. KwaZulu catchments development potential study 1990, VOL 1 - 3, various pages, and Appendix of maps, various pages. Eksteen Van der Wait and Nissen, Pietermaritzburg. IThe report contains valuable data on a catchment-by-catchment basis, inter alia on soil types and soil erosion. surface runoff, veld types, water quality, sediment yield and groundwater sources in KwaZulul. Tugela River catchment only; 3 represents the Mfolozi and Mhlatuze River catchments, while 4 denotes catchments in the north of KwaZulu. The second digit indicates defined river catchments. with the third digit consisting of a dummy number. 10.5 Homogeneous climate zones in NatallKwaZulu . Dent. Lynch and Tarboton 119901* reported on the delineation of 712 homogeneous climate zones in South Africa (see the chapter on rainfall), based on mean annual precipitation; altitude; aspect; geographic proximity; roughness of terrain, and the variety of agricultural activities. The homogeneous zones in Natal/KwaZulu are listed in Table * See Dent, M.C., Lynch, 5.0. and Tarboton, H., 1990. Detailed delimitation of rainfall regions in southern Africa, Water SA. VOL 16111, p. 1 - 4.
Page 1: A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
Page 4 and 5: Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
Page 7 and 8: lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
Page 9 and 10: 11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
Page 11 and 12: Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
Page 13 and 14: Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
Page 16 and 17: 13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
Page 18 and 19: Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
Page 20 and 21: 17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
Page 22 and 23: 19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
Page 24 and 25: 21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
Page 26 and 27: 23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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Page 40: 37 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
Page 45 and 46: 10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
Page 47: 111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
Page 52 and 53: 49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
Page 54 and 55: 51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
Page 56 and 57: 53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
Page 58 and 59: 55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
Page 60 and 61: 57 large catchments data. The Centr
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Page 64 and 65: Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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Page 68 and 69: 65 Table J24: Department of Water A
Page 82 and 83: 79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
Page 84 and 85: 81 Station closed Station closed U2
Page 86 and 87: 83 Station Drainage region Station
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
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(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
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187 Table K1: Some geological forma
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189 fault-bounded blocks, although
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191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
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193 coarse and the latter, fine and
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195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
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11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
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201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
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203 boreholes are drilled for both
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205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
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207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
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(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
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Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
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214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
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JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
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i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
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222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
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1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
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226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
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228 also obtainable from the Ground
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Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
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232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
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234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
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Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
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NOTES: 238
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239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
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12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
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243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
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Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
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Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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249 111111:llllltJI Source: After A
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1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
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lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
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* 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
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1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
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260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
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* ** 262 are in agreement with cons
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Table L7: Some South African indust
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Table L7: 267 Some South African In
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Table L7: 269 Some South African in
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Table L7: 271 Some South African In
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Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
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276 concentrate on the provision of
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278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
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IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
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291 design phase of projects. Any a
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294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
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11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
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299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
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301 Table L13: Specific training ag
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304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
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307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
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310 Table L15: A typology of social
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1111111..11 312 Table L15: A typolo
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315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
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317 Table L18: Mean household size
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319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
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321 Table L19: Existing housing del
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323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
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NOTES: 325
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