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1111.11."
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Funke. J.W.• 1969. Industrial water and effluent management:
some aspects on conservation of water and effects of effluent
disposal on the environment. Summerschool on Water Pollution and
Water Reuse. Ref. No. W2/1I19/2. January 1969. University of
Pretoria. Pretoria. 32 p. (The publication provides older water
consumption data reflecting earlier production techniques for
industries listed in the above table. as well as for the gold. steel and
electricity generation industries. Consumptive use of water (total
intake minus total return flow) data are also presented in the report).
Similar (older) data can be found in Van Duuren. F.A. and Funke.
J.W.• 1970. Optimization of water use by means of water quality
and volume requirements. Water Year 1970. Convention on Water
for the Future. (Department of Water Affairs). 16 - 20 November
1970, Pretoria. 8 p. According to the Commission of Enquiry into
Water Matters which reported in 1970. the volume of water
consumed per electricity unit sent out (at that time) from power
stations. varied from 0.006 m 3 per kWh in old power stations to
0.004 m 3 per kWh in modern stations (Anonymous. 1986)*.
More recent innovations have reduced water consumption even
further. Anonymous (1986) noted that the water consumption at
the ISCOR Pretoria works was 5 m 3 per tonne of steel produced.
Funke. J.W.• 1990. The water requirements and pollution potential
of South African gold and uranium mines. WRC Report No. KV 9/90.
Water Research Commission. Pretoria. 172 p.
Murray. K.A.• 1987. Wastewater Treatment and Pollution Control.
Water Research Commission. Pretoria. 367 p. (The publication
provides useful information on the mining; cellulose fibre; iron and
steel; tanning; textile; brewing; wine/brandy. and sugar industries in
terms of water consumption and water quality).
Stander. G.J.• 1954. Waterbewaring en doeltreffende beplanning vir
die maksimum-eksploitasie van Suid-Afrika se natuurlike hulpbronne.
Tydskrif vir Wetenskap en Kuns. VOl 14(2). Nuwe Reeks. p. 162 ­
177. (The paper is an historical overview of water consumption in
South Africa. with reference to selected industrial and agricultural
activities. A brief summary can be found in: Stander. G.J.• 1955.
Water en watergebruik in Suid-Afrika. Tydskrif vir Wetenskap en
Kuns. VOl 15(2). Nuwe Reeks. p. 220 - 224).
Stander. G.J.• 1970. The potential of water reclamation in South
Africa. Water Year 1970. Convention on Water for the Future.
(Department of Water Affairs]. 16 - 20 November 1970. Pretoria.
6 p. (The paper contains older. although relevant. water reuse data).
* See Anonymous. 1986. Management of the Water Resources of the Republic of South Africa,
Department of Water Affairs. Pretoria. various pages.