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83 Station Drainage region Station Drainage region T3HOO4; 1830 W3H001- W3H022 2130 T3H008 (excluding unallocated numbers T4HOOl 1840 W3H003 - W3H007 inclusive) T5HOOl - T5H012 1850 W4HOOl - W4H014 2140/2141/2144/2145 U1HOOl - U1H007 1910 T5ROO1;T5R002 1850 U2HOOl - U2H055 1920 U2R001; U2R002; 1920 U2R003; U2R004; U2H057 1920 U2R005 (excluding unallocated number U2H056) U3HOOl - U3HOO7 1930 U3ROOl 1930 U4HOOl - U4H009 1940 U6ROOl 1960 U6HOOl - U6H007 1960 U7R001; U7R002 1970 U7HOOl - U7HOll 1970 U8ROOl 1980 U8HOOl - U8H003 1980 VlR001; Vl R002; 2010 V1R003;V1R004 Vl HOOl - VlH064 2010 V2ROOl 2020 V2HOOl - V2H018 2020 V3R001; V3ROO2; 2030 V3R003 V3HOOl - V3H032 2030 V7ROOl 2070 V5HOOl - V5HOO2 2050 Wl R001; Wl ROO2; 2111/2112 Wl R003; Wl R004 V6H001 - V6H008 2060 W2ROOl 2121 V7HOOl -V7H025 2070 W3R001; W3R002 2130 Wl HOOl - Wl H030 2111/2112/2113 W4ROOl 2144 W2HOOl - W2H031 2121/2122/2123 W7R001; W7R002; 2170 W7ROO3; W7ROO4
84 (v) The Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, maintains its own research gauge network in the De HoeklNtabamhlope and Cedara catchments. The Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, likewise has research gauges in the Ntuze River catchment. The South African Sugar Association Experiment Station similarly, has a research gauge network at la Mercy. A research network was also recently established in the Sezela catchment. The Division of Forest Science and Technology, CSIR, has research gauges in the Cathedral Peak catchment. (vi) The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry produces a weekly report on the volume of water available in the 139 major storage dams of South Africa. In NatallKwaZulu the dams reported on are: AlbertFalls; Chelmsford; Craigieburn; Oriel; Goedertrouw; Hazelmere; Hluhluwe; Inanda;Klipfontein; Midmar; Nagle; Pongolapoort (Jozini); Spioenkop; Wagendrift; Woodstock, and Zaaihoek. Data expressed as a percentage of the nett full supply capacity, are also provided on the volume of water found in the given dam during the previous week, and for the same period in the previous year. Example: Anonymous, 1994. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry: weekly state of reservoirs as on 1994/01/03, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, no pagination. The information is especially useful for drought studies. It would appear that the publication began in January 1983. 10.13 Aspects of runoff data for NatallKwaZulu An analysis of streamflow data for South Africa in 1980 (Table J25), revealed that very few rivers in NatallKwaZulu have long term records. Many data records in South Africa generally, are incomplete, while land use changes in catchments over time - as well as faulty equipment plus other factors - may result in difficulties with the reliability of streamflow data. This is particularly the case for the identification of cycles and for the accurate assessment of water resources. Various methods are available to "patch" data. Problems with the limited distribution of gauges are also apparent, especially in mountain catchments of the High Drakensberg (Cathedral Peak excepted), major rivers draining into "estuaries", and the drier areas of northern KwaZulu (as well as other parts of KwaZulu). Swart and Allanson (1988)* observed that only eight out of 73 rivers in Natal/KwaZulu * See Swart, D.H. and Allanson, B.R., 1988. Chapter 5. River flows and estuaries. Estuaries, In: Macdonald, I.A.W. and Crawford, R.J.M. (ads), Long-term Data Series Relatin9 to Southern Africa's Renewable Natural Resources, South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 157, Foundation for Research Development, CSIR, Pretoria, p. 201 - 210.
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A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
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Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
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lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
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11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
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Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
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Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
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13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
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Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
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17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
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19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
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21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
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23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
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Page 36 and 37: 33 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
Page 38 and 39: 35 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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Page 45 and 46: 10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
Page 47: 111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
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Page 54 and 55: 51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
Page 56 and 57: 53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
Page 58 and 59: 55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
Page 60 and 61: 57 large catchments data. The Centr
Page 62 and 63: 59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
Page 64 and 65: Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
Page 66 and 67: 63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
Page 68 and 69: 65 Table J24: Department of Water A
Page 82 and 83: 79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
Page 84 and 85: 81 Station closed Station closed U2
Page 88 and 89: 85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
Page 90 and 91: 87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
Page 92: 89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
Page 95: 111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
Page 98 and 99: Table J28: Some relevant data on se
Page 101 and 102: IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
Page 103 and 104: 100 the respective departments at P
Page 105 and 106: 1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
Page 107 and 108: 104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
Page 109 and 110: Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
Page 111 and 112: 1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
Page 113 and 114: 110 There is a growing South Africa
Page 115 and 116: 112 Attention has also been focused
Page 117 and 118: 114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
Page 119 and 120: 116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
Page 121 and 122: IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
Page 123 and 124: 1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
Page 125 and 126: 10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
Page 127 and 128: 124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
Page 129 and 130: 111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
Page 131 and 132: Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
Page 133: Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
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(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
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187 Table K1: Some geological forma
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189 fault-bounded blocks, although
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191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
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193 coarse and the latter, fine and
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195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
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11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
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201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
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203 boreholes are drilled for both
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205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
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207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
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(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
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Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
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214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
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JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
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i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
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222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
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1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
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226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
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228 also obtainable from the Ground
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Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
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232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
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234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
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Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
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NOTES: 238
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239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
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12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
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243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
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Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
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Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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249 111111:llllltJI Source: After A
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1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
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lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
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* 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
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1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
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260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
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* ** 262 are in agreement with cons
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Table L7: Some South African indust
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Table L7: 267 Some South African In
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Table L7: 269 Some South African in
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Table L7: 271 Some South African In
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Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
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276 concentrate on the provision of
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278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
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IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
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291 design phase of projects. Any a
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294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
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11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
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299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
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301 Table L13: Specific training ag
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304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
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307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
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310 Table L15: A typology of social
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1111111..11 312 Table L15: A typolo
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315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
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317 Table L18: Mean household size
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319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
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321 Table L19: Existing housing del
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323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
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NOTES: 325
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