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317 Table L18: Mean household size per KwaZulu district, 1992. li1111111111 District Mean number of household residents las defined in the surveyl Emnambithi 6,23 Emzumbe 6.64 Ezingolweni 5.36 Hlabisa 8,49 Hlanganani 6.11 Ingwavuma 8.19 Inkanyezi 6.61 Madadeni 7.10 Mahlabathini 9.26 Maphumulo 6.33 Mpumalanga 6.07 Msinga 6.36 Ndwedwe Nkandla Nongoma Nquthu Nseleni Ntuzuma Okhahlamba Ongoye Simdlangentsha Ubombo Umbumbulu Umlazi Vulamehlo Vulindlela Source: After May, J., 1993. Data-base of household size by settlement: KwaZulu 1992, Working Document, Data Research Africa cc, Durban. 11 p. Note: lil The KwaZulu Finance and Investment Corporation Ltd, P 0 Box 2801, Durban, 4000, who commissioned and funded the survey. is sincerely thanked for permission to reproduce the data. 6,83 7.17 7.28 6,98 7.04 5.88 6,63 5,81 7,60 8,49 6,54 5,50 5.99 6.24
trllll.1111I11 (ii) liii) 318 Part of the Simdlangentsha District is in the Transvaal. Additional background information in terms of the Data Research Africa project can be found in Ardington, E., 1994. Quantitative analysis of socio-economic data from five thousand households in Kwazulu: a secondary analysis of data from an income and expenditure survey conducted in KwaZulu in 1992 by Data Research Africa, CSOS Research Report No. 4, Centre for Social and Development Studies, University of Natal, Durban, 59 p. 12.9 Housing delivery methods in the black urban areas of South Africa Four main housing delivery systems are found in South Africa (Table L19). To-date, much of the housing has been provided by the State and the private sector, and involves project initiated self-help and conventional housing delivery systems. Both the State and the private sector have prescribed the level of service and infrastructure provision. Note that the discussion refers to the situation as at 1993. Table L19: Existing housing delivery systems and sub-systems in South Africa. 1993. Primary system Sub-system 1. Unaided self-help • Informal (spontaneous) settlements (User initiated housing, largely falling No de jure land ownership rights. Land outside the existing regulatory and is acquired through illegal occupation housing policy framework as well as the and organized invasions, informal legal system) secondary markets, chiefs and indunas, the forced eviction of the de jure land owner, or through a self-appointed warlord who controls and allocates the land. Land acquisition is followed by the erection of a housing structure which is incrementally improved. Inhabitants of informal settlements may engage in collective actions designed to improve levels of service and infrastructure provision • Illegal sub-divisions The de iure land owner illegally subdivides the property and sells the land to a willing buyer, or rents out the land. Occasionally, the land owner takes responsibility for the supply of water
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A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
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Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
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lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
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11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
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Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
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Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
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13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
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Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
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17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
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19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
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21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
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23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
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IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
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10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
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111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
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49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
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51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
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53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
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55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
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57 large catchments data. The Centr
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59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
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Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
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65 Table J24: Department of Water A
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79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
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81 Station closed Station closed U2
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83 Station Drainage region Station
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85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
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87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
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(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
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187 Table K1: Some geological forma
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189 fault-bounded blocks, although
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191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
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193 coarse and the latter, fine and
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195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
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11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
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201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
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203 boreholes are drilled for both
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205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
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207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
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(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
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Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
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214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
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JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
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i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
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222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
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1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
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226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
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228 also obtainable from the Ground
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Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
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232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
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234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
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Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
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NOTES: 238
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239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
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12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
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243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
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Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
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Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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249 111111:llllltJI Source: After A
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1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
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lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
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* 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
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1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
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260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
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* ** 262 are in agreement with cons
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Table L7: Some South African indust
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Page 288 and 289: Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Page 296: 291 design phase of projects. Any a
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Page 330 and 331: NOTES: 325
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