View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository
View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository
View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository
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Contents<br />
167<br />
CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATER IN NATAUKWAZULU<br />
11.1 Introduction............................................. 170<br />
11 .2 Groundwater in South Africa • • . . . . . • . • • • • • . • • • • . . • . . . . . • • . . •. 171<br />
11.3 A brief overview <strong>of</strong> certain legal aspects <strong>of</strong> groundwater in South Africa .. 174<br />
11.4 . Some primary sources <strong>of</strong> groundwater information for Natal/KwaZulu •..• 175<br />
11.4.1<br />
11.4.2<br />
11.4.3<br />
Detailed surveys . . . • • • • . . . . • • . . . . . • • • . . • . . • . • • • . . •• 175<br />
Groundwater data • • . . . • . . . • . . . . . • . • . . • . • . . . . . • • . . .. 176<br />
The National Groundwater Database • • . • • . • . • . . • . . . . . . . .. 178<br />
11 .5 Groundwater models ...•........•.••......••.•...•.••.•..• 179<br />
11.6 A review <strong>of</strong> groundwater conditions in Natal/KwaZulu ••...•••••...•• 180<br />
11.6.1<br />
11.6.2<br />
11.6.3<br />
Types <strong>of</strong> aquifers .•••.•.•.••.•..•...••.•.....••.... 180<br />
Factors affecting groundwater availability •.•.•........•..• 180<br />
Hydrogeological characteristics <strong>of</strong> geological formations and<br />
methods <strong>of</strong> groundwater extraction .••..•.....•.••••.... 182<br />
(a) Primary aquifers . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . • . . . . • . • • . .. 182<br />
li) Alluvial and estuarine sediments (Quaternary) •••.•... 182<br />
lii) Berea Formation (Quaternary) • • • • • • • • . • • • . • . • • . .. 184<br />
liii) Holocene sands (Quaternary) ••••.•••..•..•..••.. 185<br />
(b) Secondary aquifers . • • • . • • • • • . • • • . • . • • • • . • • • • . . .. 186<br />
li) Intrusive rocks ..••.••••••..•.•..••••.•..•... 186<br />
11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics <strong>of</strong> geological formations and faults . . • . . . 191<br />
(a) Proterozoic and older granitic and related rock formations • .. 191<br />
(b) Natal Group formations • • . • • • • • . . • • . . • • • • • . • • • • • •. 191<br />
(c) Dwyka Tillite Formation •.•••.••.•••••••..•••.•••. 191<br />
(d) Pietermaritzburg Shale and Vryheid formations ••••••••.. 192<br />
(e) Volksrust and Estcourt formations and various formations <strong>of</strong><br />
the Adelaide and Tarkastad subgroups (Beaufort Group) and<br />
the Molteno. E1liot and Clarens formations •.•.•..•••.•. 192<br />
1fI Drakensberg. Letaba and Jozini formations •...•••.•.••• 193<br />
(g) Intrusive Karoo dolerite . • • • . • . • • • • • • • • . • • . . . . . . • •• 194<br />
(h) Faults....................................... 195<br />
(i) Makatini. Msinene and St Lucia formations (Cretaceous) • . •. 195<br />
(j) Uloa Formation (Miocene) .••••...••••••.••...••••. 196<br />
(k) Port Dumford Formation (P1eistocene) • • • • . . • . • . . • • . . •. 196
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