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Anales galdosianos [Publicaciones periódicas]. Año XII, 1977 disappointment in that it complements other novels to throw some light on a most interesting period in the career of Galdós.» University of Wisconsin - Madison 158
Anales galdosianos [Publicaciones periódicas]. Año XII, 1977 The Problem of Individual and Social Redemption in Ángel Guerra John H. Sinnigen Throughout his work Galdós displays a profound discontent with the society in which he lived. This discontent is manifest not just in the portrayal of brutal social conditions (e. g. the poverty in Misericordia ) and retrograde attitudes and institutions (e. g. intolerance in Gloria , the bureaucracy in Miau ) but more importantly in the problematic of the novels themselves. The realism of particularly the contemporáneas is more than a social document or a «mirror» of reality. These novels are rather fictional structures which mediate the novelist's understanding of his individual- historical situation. And in the contemporáneas the primary focus of Galdós's concern is: where is Restoration society going? Thus the form of the novel serves as a filter through which social-historical problems pass and receive their expression, most commonly in the interrelation of characters, the most important of which are «types» in the Lukácsian sense of the word 214 . By portraying the struggles between different individual-typical characters, the novels become fictional representations of Galdós's perception of the social dynamic. Although a generally negative vision predominates throughout the contemporáneas , clearly Galdós does not find society irredeemable. To the contrary, a predominant theme is the search for social renovation. Frequently the problematic of the novels is a kind of question: given a decaying social order (typified by certain characters), can the introduction of any given value, quality, or combination of values and qualities (typified by other characters who for different reasons stand outside the status quo) provide an alternative? Thus each novel is a kind of hypothesis through which the novelist tests out possibilities for redeeming society. A good example of such a hypothesis is Fortunata y Jacinta 215 . Here, especially in Part I, Restoration society is presented as an -albeit imperfect- best-of-all-possible-worlds, typified by the self-satisfied señorito , Juanito Santa Cruz. This society pretends that it is a harmonious social whole in which the class struggle has been peacefully superseded by « una dichosa confusión de todas las 214 See, for example, the Introduction to Studies in European Realism, trans. Edith Bone (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1964). 215 See my «Individual, Class, and Society in Fortunata y Jacinta », Galdós Studies II, ed. Robert J. Weber (London: Tamesis, 1974), 49-68. 159
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