DOE/ORO/2327 Oak Ridge Reservation Annual Site Environmental ...

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Oak Ridge Reservation 4.6.4.2.5 Radionuclides The primary radionuclides identified in the Bear Creek regime are isotopes of uranium and technetium-99. Neptunium, americium, radium, strontium, thorium, plutonium, and tritium are secondary and less widespread radionuclides, primarily present in groundwater near the S-3 Site. Evaluations of their extent in groundwater in the Bear Creek regime during CY 2009 were based primarily on measurements of gross alpha activity and gross beta activity. If the annual average gross alpha activity in groundwater samples from a well exceeded 15 pCi/L (the drinking water standard for gross alpha activity), then one (or more) of the alpha-emitting radionuclides (e.g., uranium) was assumed to be present at elevated levels in the groundwater monitored by the well. A similar rationale was used for annual average gross beta activity that exceeded 50 pCi/L. Technetium-99, a more volatile radionuclide, is qualitatively screened by gross beta activity analysis and, at certain monitoring locations, is evaluated isotopically. Groundwater with elevated levels of gross alpha activity occurs near the S-3 Site and the Oil Landfarm and Bear Creek Burial Grounds waste management areas. In the bedrock interval, gross alpha activity exceeds 15 pCi/L in groundwater in the fractured noncarbonate rock only near source areas (Fig. 4.41). Data obtained from exit pathway monitoring stations show that gross alpha activity in groundwater in the Maynardville Limestone and in the surface waters of Bear Creek exceeds the drinking water standard for over 3,355 m (11,000 ft) west of the S-3 Site. The highest gross alpha activity observed in CY 2009 was 400 pCi/L in Well GW-615 located adjacent to the S-3 Site. The distribution of gross beta radioactivity in groundwater is similar to that of gross alpha radioactivity. During CY 2009, it appears that the lateral extent of gross beta activity within the exit pathway groundwater interval and surface water above the drinking water standard has not changed from those observed in recent years. Gross beta activities exceeded 50 pCi/L within the Maynardville Limestone exit pathway for 2,440 to 3,050 m (8,000 to 10,000 ft) from the S-3 Site (Fig. 4.42). The highest gross beta activity in groundwater in the Bear Creek Regime in 2009 was 11,000 pCi/L at Well GW-246 located adjacent to the S-3 Site. 4.6.4.2.6 Exit Pathway and Perimeter Monitoring Exit pathway monitoring began in 1990 to provide data on the quality of groundwater and surface water exiting the Bear Creek regime. The Maynardville Limestone is the primary exit pathway for groundwater. Bear Creek, which flows across the Maynardville Limestone in much of the Bear Creek regime, is the principal exit pathway for surface water. Various studies have shown that the surface water in Bear Creek, the springs along the valley floor, and the groundwater in the Maynardville Limestone are hydraulically connected. Surveys have been performed that identify gaining (groundwater discharging into surface waters) and losing (surface water discharging into a groundwater system) reaches of Bear Creek. The western exit pathway well transect (Picket W) serves as the perimeter well location for the Bear Creek regime (Fig. 4.36). Exit pathway monitoring consists of continued monitoring at four well transects (pickets) and selected springs and surface water stations. Groundwater quality data obtained during CY 2009 from the exit pathway monitoring wells indicate that groundwater is contaminated above drinking water standards in the Maynardville Limestone as far west as Picket A and trends are generally decreasing (Fig. 4.45). Surface water samples collected during CY 2009 indicate that water in Bear Creek contains many of the compounds found in the groundwater. Additionally, nitrate and uranium concentrations and gross beta activities exceeding their respective drinking water standards have been observed in surface water west of the burial grounds as far as Picket A. The concentrations in the creek decrease with distance downstream of the waste disposal sites (Table 4.19). Individual monitoring locations along Bear Creek also show a decrease in concentration with respect to time, reflecting the positive steps toward remediation of legacy wastes and active mitigating practices of pollution prevention. 4-78 The Y-12 National Security Complex
Annual Site Environmental Report Fig. 4.45. CY 2009 Concentrations of selected contaminants in exit pathway monitoring wells GW-724, GW-706, and GW-683 in the Bear Creek Hydrogeologic Regime. 4.6.4.3 Chestnut Ridge Hydrogeologic Regime The Chestnut Ridge Hydrogeologic Regime is flanked to the north by Bear Creek Valley and to the south by Bethel Valley Road (Fig. 4.34). The regime encompasses the portion of Chestnut Ridge extending from Scarboro Road, east of the complex, to Dunaway Branch, located just west of Industrial Landfill II. The Chestnut Ridge Security Pits area is the only documented source of groundwater contamination in the regime. Contamination from the Security Pits is distinct and does not mingle with plumes from other sources. Table 4.20 summarizes the operational history of waste management units in the regime. The Y-12 National Security Complex 4-79
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Oak Ridge Reservation Annual Site E
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Appendix A. Errata
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Appendix B. Glossary
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Oak Ridge Reservation hectare — A
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Table D.1. Reference standards for
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Chemical TDEC and EPA Drinking Wate
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Appendix F. Radiation This appendix
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F.2.2 Non-ionizing Radiation Annual
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F.5.10 Dose from Consumer Products
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The ED from swimming in water conta
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Appendix G. Chemicals This appendix
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Table G.1. Chemical reference doses
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BW = body weight (70 kg), and Annua
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