DOE/ORO/2327 Oak Ridge Reservation Annual Site Environmental ...

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Oak Ridge Reservation Fig. 6.1. The ORR meteorological monitoring network (Sodar: sonic detection and ranging wind profiler). Tower Table 6.1. Oak Ridge Reservation meteorological towers Alternate tower names 6-2 ORR Environmental Monitoring Program Location lat., long. Altitude (m MSL) a Measurement heights (m) MT1 “K,” 1208 ETTP 35.93317N, 84.38833W 253 10, 60 MT7 “L,” 1209 35.92522N, 84.39414W ORNL 233 10, 30 MT2 “C,” 1057 35.92559N, 84.32379W 261 10, 30, 100 MT3 “B,” 6555 35.93273N, 84.30254W 256 15, 30 MT4 “A,” 7571 35.92185N, 84.30470W 263 10, 30 MT10 “M,” 208A 35.90947N, 84.38796W Y-12 Complex 237 10 MT6 “W,” West 35.98467N, 84.26550W 326 2, 10, 30, 60 MT9 “Y,” PSS Tower 35.98745N, 84.25363W 290 15, 33 a Mean sea level.
Annual Site Environmental Report On the ORR, low-speed winds dominate near the surface. This characteristic is typical of most nearsurface measurements (as influenced by nearby ridges and mountains). Winds sometimes accelerate at ridgetop level, particularly when winds are not exactly parallel to the ridges (see Appendix C). The atmosphere over the ORR is dominated by stable conditions on most nights and for a few hours just after sunrise. These conditions, when coupled with the low wind speeds and channeling effects of the valleys, result in poor dilution of material emitted from the facilities. However, high roughness values (caused by terrain and obstructions such as trees and buildings) may partially mitigate these factors through increased turbulence (atmospheric mixing). These features are captured in the data input to the dispersion models and are reflected in the modeling studies conducted for each facility. Precipitation data from Tower MT2 are used in stream-flow modeling and in certain research efforts. The data indicate the variability of regional precipitation: the high winter rainfall resulting from frontal systems and the uneven, but occasionally intense, summer rainfall associated with thunderstorms. The total precipitation at Oak Ridge (town site) during 2009 (1,544 mm) was 17.6% above the long-term average of 1,313 mm. This marks the first year of above-average precipitation since 2004. The average data recovery rates (a measure of acceptable data) across locations used for modeling during 2009 were greater than 96.3% for ORNL sites (Towers MT2, MT3, MT4, and MT10); greater than 97.9% for ETTP sites (Towers MT1 and MT7); and 99.7% for Y-12 sites (Towers MT6 and MT9). Nearly all data recovery exceeded the required 90% per quarter recovery rate. Those that did exceed the requirement (Tower A 10-m temperature for 2009 Quarters 1 and 2 and Tower C 100-m wind speed during 2009 Quarter 4) were corrected with accepted substitution data from nearby sites. 6.2 External Gamma Radiation Monitoring Table 6.2 summarizes the data collected at each station during the year. The mean observed exposure rate for the reservation network for 2009 was 7.7 μR/h, which is slightly higher than the annual average of 6.7 μR/h observed at the reference location. Exposure rates from background sources in Tennessee range from 2.9 to 11 μR/h. The average ORR exposure rate was within the range of normal background levels in Tennessee, indicating that activities on the ORR do not increase external gamma levels in the area above normal background levels. Table 6.2. External gamma averages for the ORR, 2009 Monitoring location 6.2.1 Data Collection and Analysis Number of data values collected Measurement (μR/h) a Min Max Mean 39 52 8.4 9.0 8.7 40 52 5.5 8.6 7.7 42 52 5.9 7.1 6.7 46 52 7.8 9.1 8.8 48 52 6.0 8.1 6.6 52 52 5.6 7.4 6.7 a To convert microroentgens per hour (µR/h) to milliroentgens per year, multiply by 8.760. External gamma measurements (exposure rates) are recorded weekly at six ambient air stations from resident external gross gamma monitors (Fig. 6.2). Each consists of a dual-range, high-pressure ion chamber sensor and digital electronic count-rate meter and a totalizer. Totalizing consists of multiplying the count rate by the time of exposure to obtain total exposure. ORR Environmental Monitoring Program 6-3
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BW = body weight (70 kg), and Annua
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