Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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to general growth) that explains 55.0% of the whole variance (Fig. 21). Integument and skeleton measurements are also well correlated with the first axis. The second axis explains 30.2% of the total variance. Gonad measurements are highly correlated with this axis that represents change with the reproductive cycle. Note that body size measurements are not much correlated with gonads measurements in any axis. Indeed, due to the rigidity of the test, diameter, height and total weights are not affected by the size of the gonads (when the sea urchin has small gonads, its general cavity is filled with coelomic fluid with about the same density than the gonads). This is convenient because body size measurements can be considered as soma measurements, independently of the size of the gonads. The third axis amounts for 12.9% of the total variance and is slightly represented by digestive tract measurements. It should be due to its contents, as a consequence of the feeding activity during the last day before dissection. 98.2% of the variance is explained by the first three axes that are kept (Table 6). Table 6. Principal components analysis: contribution of the parameters to the three first axes. Parameter Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3 Height 0.895 0.311 0.246 Diameter 0.869 0.369 0.269 Weight of Aristotle's lantern 0.852 0.365 0.323 Weight of spines 0.833 0.450 0.248 Weight of test 0.804 0.450 0.347 Immersed weight 0.799 0.510 0.298 Fresh weight of integuments 0.789 0.507 0.339 Dry weight of integuments 0.769 0.574 0.291 Total fresh weight 0.729 0.552 0.390 Drained weight 0.729 0.575 0.371 Dry weight of digestive tract and its content 0.699 0.407 0.567 Fresh weight of digestive tract and its content 0.629 0.454 0.626 Dry weight of gonads 0.360 0.900 0.231 Fresh weight of gonads 0.392 0.891 0.215 We are now confident that a body size measurement, e.g., the diameter of the test, is an adequate representation of the growth achieved by all the somatic organs. Sea urchin appears to be a good experimental subject for studying growth because size is easy to measure with accuracy thanks to the rigidity of its skeleton that constraints its shape; also because it exhibits Part II: Measurement for size in the sea urchin 107
a relative homogeneous growth of all its somatic organs. For its model, the sea urchin could be considered as a "system with three degrees of freedom": (1) the body wall and most somatic organs, (2) the gonads and (3) the digestive tract and its content. This means we can fully characterize the echinoid by three, easily performed, measurements such as the body size, the gonad index (Spirlet et al, 2000, 2001) and the repletion index (Nedelec, 1983). With such three parameters, it should be possible to calculate the size and the weight of all organs, once the corresponding allometric relationships are established. Part II: Measurement for size in the sea urchin 108
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
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List of equations Equation 33. Para
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List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
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List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
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Introduction 27
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Foreword 30
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General introduction this study. Se
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General introduction intense fishin
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General introduction habitats: inte
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General introduction substrate to s
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General introduction mm (Spirlet et
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Growth models General introduction
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. The logistic function for asympto
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d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
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Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
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Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
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YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
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Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
Page 57 and 58: General introduction model 1 for Ec
Page 59 and 60: General introduction method used. I
Page 61 and 62: General introduction Experiments in
Page 63 and 64: Aim of the thesis 62
Page 66 and 67: PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
Page 68 and 69: Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
Page 70 and 71: Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
Page 72 and 73: 6b. exploitation KCl water renewal
Page 74 and 75: earing cycle into seven stages is e
Page 76 and 77: (Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
Page 78 and 79: output. The quality of gametes is o
Page 80 and 81: average value of 19.5 days, a minim
Page 82 and 83: individuals were still alive 3 mont
Page 84 and 85: e. Discussion show similar GI and M
Page 86 and 87: The success of the present method l
Page 88 and 89: Fenaux (1990) for the same species
Page 90 and 91: encountered with food is its stabil
Page 92 and 93: to Christine Spirlet (ref. ERB 4001
Page 94: PART II Measurement for size in the
Page 97 and 98: Part II: Measurement for size in th
Page 99 and 100: Few studies have compared and discu
Page 101 and 102: d. Results and discussion The ambit
Page 103 and 104: Reproducibility of measurements The
Page 105 and 106: e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
Page 107: principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Page 111 and 112: 110
Page 113 and 114: Part III: Experimental studies of t
Page 115 and 116: assumption of normality can be test
Page 117 and 118: occurred. From this moment on, and
Page 119 and 120: d. Results Size distribution among
Page 121 and 122: Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 123 and 124: Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
Page 125 and 126: Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
Page 127 and 128: purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
Page 129 and 130: Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
Page 131 and 132: Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
Page 133 and 134: Part III: Experimental studies of t
Page 135 and 136: 134
Page 137 and 138: Part IV: A growth model with intras
Page 139 and 140: . Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
Page 141 and 142: considered factor on the curve's sh
Page 143 and 144: Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in m
Page 145 and 146: d. Results Theoretical consideratio
Page 147 and 148: some two-dimensional processes like
Page 149 and 150: implements this method ('nlrq' pack
Page 151 and 152: value just after metamorphosis (D0,
Page 153 and 154: quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
Page 155 and 156: Table 12. Results of quantile regre
Page 157 and 158: This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
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individuals related to the presence
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Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
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60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
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e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
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Constraining parameters as we did i
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It does not consider respiration as
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this species. For other species, wh
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ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
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∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
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evaluated on basis of biological kn
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ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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180
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General conclusions individuals, wh
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Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
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General conclusions - The diauxic g
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General conclusions model not on a
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References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
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References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
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References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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212
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Annexes 214
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# If no graphic device currently op
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lines(edatq[, 1], predict(edat.025,
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SimRes
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Annexes Code of functions required
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plot(cumsum(dat[,columns[1]])/sum(d
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for the CI!!! Annexes SEMean
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} Annexes # - y, a vector of classe
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plot(x, y, type="l", col=col, lty=l
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} Annexes } results[i, 1:5]
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} .value Annexes dimnames(.grad)
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#{ # # This is adapted from SSasymp
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Exp.ival
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SSallo
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.expr4
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.expr9
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. The 'nlrq' package for nonlinear
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nlrq.control package:nlrq R Documen
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gradSetArgs[[2]]), call("[", gradSe
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model.step
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Annexes 254
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Annexes 256
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Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
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Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allom
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Annexes libitum for 8, 16, 24, 32,
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Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim
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Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, d
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Annexes amount of waste produced at
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Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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