Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The ultimate objective of the project is to control every life stage of the most valuable species of European edible sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus and Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) under intensive cultivation (closed-cycle echiniculture) to produce high quality gonads (roe, i.e., the edible part of the animal) at a pilot scale. The obstacles that prevent the intensification of echiniculture have been clearly identified: (1) post-settlement survival and growth rate need to be improved, and (2) the carrying capacity of the rearing structures needs to be increased by bypassing main limiting factors, i.e., depletion in dissolved carbonates and accumulation of carbonic acid. Moreover, the quality control of gonads and optimization of gonad growth are key factors that have to be addressed. The proposed work aims to investigate aspects of the biology of cultivated sea urchins related to these obstacles, to finalize technical enhancements of the cultivation procedure in either eliminating or bypassing these obstacles, and to adapt the rearing method presently used for Paracentrotus lividus to Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Grosjean, Ph., Ch. Spirlet & M. Jangoux, 1999. Comparison of three body-size measurements for echinoids. In: M.D. Candia Carnevali & F. Bonasoro (eds). Echinoderm Research 1998, Balkema, Rotterdam. Pp. 31-35. See Part II. Jangoux, M., P. Gosselin, Ph. Grosjean, M. Larsonneur, Ch. Spirlet, D. Bucaille, M. Catoira Gomez, 1996. Sea-urchin cultivation. European Contract FAR AQ 2.530 BFE, final report. 103 pp + annexes. 263
Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim of the research is to succeed in continuously producing large amount of edible sea urchins with high gonadal productivity under controlled conditions (aquaculture). The selected species is Paracentrotus lividus (viz. the edible echinoid species from Europe). The research focuses on the following aspects: a. Investigation on metamorphic events, with a special interest in the morphological changes affecting metamorphic larvae and in the metamorphosis inducing factors (this approach needs to perform routinely mass-cultivation of larvae); b. Optimization of juveniles' somatic growth and adults' gonadal productivity under rearing conditions; c. Study of reproductive periodicities in field and cultivated individuals (investigations on parameters responsible for the cycling of reproduction and the duration of the spawning period) and attempt for a continuous reproduction under aquaculture conditions. Spirlet, Ch., Ph. Grosjean & M. Jangoux, 1994. Differentiation of the genital apparatus in a juvenile echinoid (Paracentrotus lividus). In: B. David, A. Guille, J.-P. Féral & M. Roux (eds). Echinoderms through Time, Balkema, Rotterdam. Pp. 881-886. ABSTRACT: Gonad and genital pore development was observed on field and cultivated juveniles of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. The gonad condition was evaluated by counting the number of acini per gonad following dissection. Presence of the genital pores was determined for each individual, plate by plate, after partial digestion of the tissues. Progressive and relative development was determined. The gonads first appear as a filament which starts to bud and develop acini that eventually fill up with genital material. The pores are pierced from the inside out 264
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
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List of equations Equation 33. Para
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List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
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List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
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Introduction 27
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Foreword 30
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General introduction this study. Se
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General introduction intense fishin
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General introduction habitats: inte
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General introduction substrate to s
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General introduction mm (Spirlet et
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Growth models General introduction
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. The logistic function for asympto
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d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
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Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
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Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
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YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
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Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
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General introduction model 1 for Ec
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General introduction method used. I
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General introduction Experiments in
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Aim of the thesis 62
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PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
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Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
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Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
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6b. exploitation KCl water renewal
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earing cycle into seven stages is e
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(Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
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output. The quality of gametes is o
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average value of 19.5 days, a minim
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individuals were still alive 3 mont
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e. Discussion show similar GI and M
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The success of the present method l
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Fenaux (1990) for the same species
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encountered with food is its stabil
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to Christine Spirlet (ref. ERB 4001
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PART II Measurement for size in the
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Part II: Measurement for size in th
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Few studies have compared and discu
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d. Results and discussion The ambit
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Reproducibility of measurements The
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e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
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principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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a relative homogeneous growth of al
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110
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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assumption of normality can be test
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occurred. From this moment on, and
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d. Results Size distribution among
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Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
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Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
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purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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134
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Part IV: A growth model with intras
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. Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
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considered factor on the curve's sh
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Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in m
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d. Results Theoretical consideratio
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some two-dimensional processes like
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implements this method ('nlrq' pack
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value just after metamorphosis (D0,
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quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
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Table 12. Results of quantile regre
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This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
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individuals related to the presence
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Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
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60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
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e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
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Constraining parameters as we did i
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It does not consider respiration as
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this species. For other species, wh
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ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
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∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
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evaluated on basis of biological kn
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ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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180
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General conclusions individuals, wh
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Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
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General conclusions - The diauxic g
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General conclusions model not on a
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References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
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References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
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References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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Page 215 and 216: Annexes 214
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Page 247 and 248: . The 'nlrq' package for nonlinear
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Page 259 and 260: Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
Page 261 and 262: Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allom
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Page 267 and 268: Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, d
Page 269 and 270: Annexes amount of waste produced at
Page 271 and 272: Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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