Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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Annexes when the gonads have reached a certain growth stage. Both gonads and pores do not develop simultaneously but in a certain order. In addition, statistical analysis shows that size has more influence on the condition of the genital apparatus than age. KEYWORDS: Echinoid, gonads, growth, reproduction, development. c. International symposia Green Sea Urchin Workshop, Moncton, Canada, 2000. Talk. Ph. Grosjean & M. Jangoux. Growth of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus: model and optimization. Inline: http://crdpm.cus.ca/oursin/pdf/gros.pdf (last consulted Sept. 8 th 2001). ABSTRACT: Echiniculture, or sea urchin aquaculture, is more and more considered as an alternative or a complement to fisheries but it is not implemented yet on a commercial scale. This is because rearing methods still have to be optimized. We developed a mathematical model to simulate and predict sea urchins' production according to various rearing methods and exploitation strategies. Simulations using this model demonstrate how the variation of production has a complex and sometimes counterintuitive relationship with both the rearing method and the exploitation strategy. Intraspecific competition and spread in sizes in reared batches are taken into account in the model. Hence, an accurate estimation of the time required to grow a whole cohort of reared echinoids to the market size is obtained. This tool allows a rapid determination of best rearing methods and should speed up the optimization process. At a latter date, this model could help in rationalizing stock management in future sea urchins farming activities. By applying this model to field sea urchins populations, it could also help in the establishment of sustainable fishery policies. 265
Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, dynamic model, aquaculture, intraspecific competition. 5 th European Echinoderm Colloquium, Milano, 1998. Poster. Ph. Grosjean, Ch. Spirlet & M. Jangoux. Comparison of three body-size measurements for echinoids and their use in growth and gonadosomatic calculations. See Part II. Aquaculture '98, Las Vegas, 1998. Talk in a special session. Ph. Grosjean, Ch. Spirlet & M. Jangoux. Is land-based closed cycle echiniculture (sea urchins aquaculture) a viable alternative to fisheries today? ABSTRACT: Today, most world sea urchins fisheries have to deal with overexploitation or yields drop problems. Better management of exploited field populations and/or aquaculture is more and more considered as necessities to sustain sea urchins’ production in the near future. In this context, we evaluate here the potentials of land-based closed cycle echiniculture. A long-term experiment with the edible violet sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) has been done at a pilot scale in France. The process used allows total independence against natural resources, since the whole biological cycle of the echinoids is under control (closed cycle echiniculture) and all activities are performed on land. Also, a method has been set up to gain control over the reproductive cycle of these animals and to produce marketable individuals all year long. 266
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
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List of equations Equation 33. Para
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List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
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List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
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Introduction 27
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Foreword 30
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General introduction this study. Se
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General introduction intense fishin
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General introduction habitats: inte
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General introduction substrate to s
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General introduction mm (Spirlet et
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Growth models General introduction
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. The logistic function for asympto
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d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
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Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
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Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
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YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
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Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
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General introduction model 1 for Ec
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General introduction method used. I
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General introduction Experiments in
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Aim of the thesis 62
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PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
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Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
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Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
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6b. exploitation KCl water renewal
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earing cycle into seven stages is e
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(Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
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output. The quality of gametes is o
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average value of 19.5 days, a minim
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individuals were still alive 3 mont
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e. Discussion show similar GI and M
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The success of the present method l
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Fenaux (1990) for the same species
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encountered with food is its stabil
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to Christine Spirlet (ref. ERB 4001
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PART II Measurement for size in the
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Part II: Measurement for size in th
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Few studies have compared and discu
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d. Results and discussion The ambit
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Reproducibility of measurements The
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e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
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principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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a relative homogeneous growth of al
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110
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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assumption of normality can be test
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occurred. From this moment on, and
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d. Results Size distribution among
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Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
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Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
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purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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134
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Part IV: A growth model with intras
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. Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
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considered factor on the curve's sh
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Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in m
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d. Results Theoretical consideratio
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some two-dimensional processes like
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implements this method ('nlrq' pack
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value just after metamorphosis (D0,
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quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
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Table 12. Results of quantile regre
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This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
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individuals related to the presence
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Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
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60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
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e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
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Constraining parameters as we did i
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It does not consider respiration as
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this species. For other species, wh
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ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
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∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
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evaluated on basis of biological kn
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ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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180
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General conclusions individuals, wh
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Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
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General conclusions - The diauxic g
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General conclusions model not on a
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References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
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References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
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References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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212
Page 215 and 216: Annexes 214
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Page 259 and 260: Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
Page 261 and 262: Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allom
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Page 265: Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim
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Page 271 and 272: Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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