Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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Annexes Overall conclusions of this experiment reveal great potentials, but also point out some pitfalls that remain to be eliminated before pretending for profitability. The most critical pitfalls identified are (1) poor control of extremely variable growth rates due to intraspecific competition, (2) poor control on inorganic carbon in closed or semi-closed systems due to a high demand in carbonates for skeletogenesis and (3) needs for increased quality of gonads (the edible part of the urchins) thanks to a specific artificial diet that remains to be formulated. One important aspect comes to light: land-based closed cycle echiniculture should have a very low impact on other mariculture or touristic activities that usually compete strongly for space on the coastline in many places. This should be a major advantage considering tomorrow’s aquaculture diversification. KEYWORDS: Sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, aquaculture, larval culture, metamorphosis, growth, roe enhancement. 3 th International Symposium on Nutritional Strategies and Management of Aquaculture Waste, Porto, 1997. Talk. Ph. Grosjean, Ch. Spirlet, J. M. Lawrence & M. Jangoux. Optimizing somatic growth of the edible sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus Lmk) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in closed-circuit cultivation with artificial diet. ABSTRACT: The closed-circuit cultivation of sea urchins offers the opportunity to optimize their growth by controlling the rearing parameters, but the question whether water pollution would result from the waste produced is critical. Little is known about the requirements of cultivated sea urchins in terms of food composition. The effect of two prepared feeds (soybeans and soybeans-fish pellets) versus fresh and dried kelp (the natural food of Paracentrotus lividus) on feeding, digestion and somatic growth has been investigated under semi-intensive cultivation. The total 267
Annexes amount of waste produced at different levels of feeding, digestion, and assimilation has been measured. Both prepared feeds are used as efficiently as fresh kelp for somatic growth, but wastes are reduced by 20% due to a much higher conversion efficiency. These preliminary results suggest that a drastic improvement of feeding strategies in the culture of sea urchins would be obtained soon by appropriate formulations of prepared feeds. On-land aquaculture of sea urchins with prepared feeds provides a means of controlling the wastes produced. It would prevent environmental pollution and would allow recovery of the large amounts of material still rich in organic material that may be used for other purposes. KEYWORDS: Artificial food, digestion, somatic growth, sea urchin, aquaculture. 9 th International Echinoderm Conference, San Francisco, 1996. Talk in a special session. Ph. Grosjean, Ch. Spirlet & M. Jangoux. Closedcircuit cultivation of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus: optimization of somatic growth through the control of abiotic environment. ABSTRACT: Among the technological choices to develop aquaculture of new species, open-sea versus "on-land" cultivation is a major one. On-land based systems are more expensive but offer the possibility to control the environmental conditions, possibly leading to better performance. In the case of echinoderms, ecophysiological responses are insufficiently understood to decide at the present time which is the best strategy. To investigate this crucial question, one should (1) set up a good cultivation system, (2) develop an experimental methodology adapted to the specificity of echinoderm biology, and (3) quantify the responses of the animals against gradients of environmental parameters. As an illustration of the promising perspectives this approach offers, the case of Paracentrotus lividus is discussed. 268
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
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List of equations Equation 33. Para
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List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
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List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
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Introduction 27
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Foreword 30
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General introduction this study. Se
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General introduction intense fishin
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General introduction habitats: inte
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General introduction substrate to s
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General introduction mm (Spirlet et
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Growth models General introduction
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. The logistic function for asympto
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d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
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Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
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Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
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YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
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Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
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General introduction model 1 for Ec
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General introduction method used. I
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General introduction Experiments in
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Aim of the thesis 62
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PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
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Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
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Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
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6b. exploitation KCl water renewal
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earing cycle into seven stages is e
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(Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
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output. The quality of gametes is o
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average value of 19.5 days, a minim
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individuals were still alive 3 mont
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e. Discussion show similar GI and M
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The success of the present method l
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Fenaux (1990) for the same species
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encountered with food is its stabil
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to Christine Spirlet (ref. ERB 4001
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PART II Measurement for size in the
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Part II: Measurement for size in th
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Few studies have compared and discu
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d. Results and discussion The ambit
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Reproducibility of measurements The
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e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
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principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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a relative homogeneous growth of al
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110
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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assumption of normality can be test
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occurred. From this moment on, and
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d. Results Size distribution among
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Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
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Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
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purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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134
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Part IV: A growth model with intras
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. Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
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considered factor on the curve's sh
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Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in m
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d. Results Theoretical consideratio
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some two-dimensional processes like
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implements this method ('nlrq' pack
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value just after metamorphosis (D0,
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quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
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Table 12. Results of quantile regre
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This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
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individuals related to the presence
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Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
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60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
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e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
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Constraining parameters as we did i
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It does not consider respiration as
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this species. For other species, wh
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ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
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∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
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evaluated on basis of biological kn
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ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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180
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General conclusions individuals, wh
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Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
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General conclusions - The diauxic g
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General conclusions model not on a
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References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
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References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
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References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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212
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Annexes 214
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Page 259 and 260: Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
Page 261 and 262: Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allom
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Page 265 and 266: Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim
Page 267: Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, d
Page 271 and 272: Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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