Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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Annexes gonadal growth are well established, suggesting they are controlled externally. The reproductive cycle has three main phases: the growing phase (late autumn and winter) when gonads accumulate reserve material; the maturation phase (spring and early summer) in which gametogenesis then spawning take place; and the spent/regenerating phase when relict gametes are resorbed by the nutritive phagocytes, the gonads being virtually devoid of sexual cells. The maturity index based on the histological diagnosis of gonads and the use of circular data and polar graphical representation make it possible to reliably determine the spawning period, the rate of gametogenesis and the synchronization of males and females among the echinoid population. From this analysis, we can reasonably say that the gonadal cycle (represented by the gonad index), the rate of gametogenesis, and the end of the spawning period are influenced by temperature whereas the first spawning event appears to be triggered by day length. KEYWORDS: Echinoid, reproduction, maturity index, gonadal cycle, abiotic parameters. Spirlet, Ch., Ph. Grosjean & M. Jangoux, 1998b. Optimizing Food distribution in closed-circuit cultivation of edible sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus: Echinoidea). Aquat. Living Resour., 11(4):273- 277. ABSTRACT: In the framework of echinoid cultivation, whose objective is to succeed in continuously producing large amounts of edible sea urchins (Paracentroutus lividus) under controlled conditions (aquaculture), gonadal growth is to be optimized. Among the various parameters influencing the production of roe, the quantity of food distributed was tested for optimization. After a 1-month fast, echinoids were fed artificial food pellets (enriched in soybean and fish proteins) for different periods of time over 48 h, the food thus being available ad 261
Annexes libitum for 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 h; the cycles were repeated for a month. The results show that the quantity of food intake and the gonad index peak after about 35 h of food availability. This suggests food should be distributed discontinuously for optimal gonad production and minimal waste. KEYWORDS: Aquaculture, food ration, gonad growth, artificial diet, sea urchin. Grosjean, Ph., Ch. Spirlet, P. Gosselin, D. Vaïtilingon & M. Jangoux, 1998. Land-based closed cycle echiniculture of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) (Echinoidea: Echinodermata): a long-term experiment at a pilot scale. J. Shellfish Res., 17(5):1523-1531. See Part I. Grosjean, Ph., Ch. Spirlet & M. Jangoux, 1996. Experimental study of growth in the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) (Echinodermata). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 201:173-184. See Part III. b. Reports and other publications Jangoux, M., Ph. Grosjean, D. Vaïtilingon, C. Cam, J. Cosson, Ch. Billard, D. Bucaille, J.M. Ouin, C. Rebours, N.T. Hagen, C. Solberg & H.H. Ludvigsen, 2000. Biology of sea urchins under intensive cultivation (closed-cycle echiniculture). European Contract FAIR CT96-1623 BFN, final report. 163 pp. 262
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
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List of equations Equation 33. Para
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List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
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List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
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Introduction 27
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Foreword 30
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General introduction this study. Se
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General introduction intense fishin
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General introduction habitats: inte
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General introduction substrate to s
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General introduction mm (Spirlet et
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Growth models General introduction
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. The logistic function for asympto
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d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
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Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
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Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
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YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
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Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
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General introduction model 1 for Ec
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General introduction method used. I
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General introduction Experiments in
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Aim of the thesis 62
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PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
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Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
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Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
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6b. exploitation KCl water renewal
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earing cycle into seven stages is e
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(Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
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output. The quality of gametes is o
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average value of 19.5 days, a minim
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individuals were still alive 3 mont
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e. Discussion show similar GI and M
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The success of the present method l
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Fenaux (1990) for the same species
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encountered with food is its stabil
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to Christine Spirlet (ref. ERB 4001
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PART II Measurement for size in the
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Part II: Measurement for size in th
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Few studies have compared and discu
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d. Results and discussion The ambit
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Reproducibility of measurements The
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e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
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principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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a relative homogeneous growth of al
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110
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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assumption of normality can be test
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occurred. From this moment on, and
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d. Results Size distribution among
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Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
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Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
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purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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134
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Part IV: A growth model with intras
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. Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
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considered factor on the curve's sh
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Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in m
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d. Results Theoretical consideratio
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some two-dimensional processes like
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implements this method ('nlrq' pack
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value just after metamorphosis (D0,
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quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
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Table 12. Results of quantile regre
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This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
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individuals related to the presence
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Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
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60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
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e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
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Constraining parameters as we did i
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It does not consider respiration as
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this species. For other species, wh
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ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
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∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
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evaluated on basis of biological kn
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ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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180
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General conclusions individuals, wh
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Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
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General conclusions - The diauxic g
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General conclusions model not on a
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References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
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References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
Page 211 and 212: References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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Page 215 and 216: Annexes 214
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Page 223 and 224: Annexes Code of functions required
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Page 247 and 248: . The 'nlrq' package for nonlinear
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Page 259 and 260: Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
Page 261: Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allom
Page 265 and 266: Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim
Page 267 and 268: Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, d
Page 269 and 270: Annexes amount of waste produced at
Page 271 and 272: Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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