Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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6b. exploitation KCl water renewal toboggans KCl 6a. broodstock cond. reserve tank 5. growth of subadults 1. fertilization FERTILIZING TUB 4. growth of juveniles 18 to 20°C PREGROW TH & GROWTH STRUCTURES Part I: Set up of an experimental rearing procedure for echinoids 2. larvae culture 200 l 20°C LARVAL REARING TANK 3. metamorphosis water pump Figure 17. Overview of the closed-cycle process and devices used to produce sea urchins on land at a pilot scale. (2) Two growth structures made of six toboggans each. The capacity of each structure is 3000 l of circulating water thermoregulated at 18°C ± 1°C and with a water renewal ranged between 100 and 600% per day, depending upon the density of sea urchins present in the structures. These structures can hold a maximum biomass of 7 kg of sea urchins per m 2 without supplemental filtration of the water. 71
(3) Seven experimental / conditioning structures of three toboggans each with a capacity of 1500 l of circulating water. These are isolated from one another so that they can be thermoregulated individually from 10°C to 25°C, and each has up to six different photoperiods (a dark separation divides the toboggans in their center). An electronic system allows the transition of light to darkness and vice versa, thus simulating dawn and dusk. The rate of water renewal can be fixed between 50 and 600% per day. Biomass varies following criteria imposed by the experiments. Additional devices are grouped in a technical room containing a central thermoregulation system (a thermorefrigerating pump providing either cold or hot water to the heat exchangers that equip the rearing structures), a water pumping and filtration system, an emergency electric generator and a central alarm. The water is pumped directly from the sea at high tide and is stored in a reservoir of 60 m 2 . It is filtered before being used (30 µm mesh cartridge mechanical filtration, followed by a 14 m 3 biological filter and two settling tanks of 8 m 3 each). Origin of the animals The species cultivated is Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816). This species is found all along the European coast from the northern Atlantic Irish coast to the Mediterranean Sea. All individuals used come from a single population located in Morgat, Brittany, France. Some were directly collected in the small tidepools that spread all along the rocky shores of Douarnenez Bay (emerged only during high coefficient tides). The remaining animals come from artificial fertilizations in the laboratory and were grown in the structures (cross fertilizations of first (F1) or second (F2) generation of sea urchins collected in the field). By so doing, the age and the parental origin of the F1 and F2 sea urchins are known precisely. Rearing method Aiming at closely matching the echinoid requirements along their life history and minimizing technical constraints, the dissociation of the whole Part I: Set up of an experimental rearing procedure for echinoids 72
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
Page 22 and 23: List of equations Equation 33. Para
Page 24 and 25: List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
Page 26 and 27: List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
Page 28: Introduction 27
Page 31 and 32: Foreword 30
Page 33 and 34: General introduction this study. Se
Page 35 and 36: General introduction intense fishin
Page 37 and 38: General introduction habitats: inte
Page 39 and 40: General introduction substrate to s
Page 41 and 42: General introduction mm (Spirlet et
Page 43 and 44: Growth models General introduction
Page 45 and 46: . The logistic function for asympto
Page 47 and 48: d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
Page 49 and 50: Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
Page 51 and 52: Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
Page 53 and 54: YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
Page 57 and 58: General introduction model 1 for Ec
Page 59 and 60: General introduction method used. I
Page 61 and 62: General introduction Experiments in
Page 63 and 64: Aim of the thesis 62
Page 66 and 67: PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
Page 68 and 69: Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
Page 70 and 71: Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
Page 74 and 75: earing cycle into seven stages is e
Page 76 and 77: (Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
Page 78 and 79: output. The quality of gametes is o
Page 80 and 81: average value of 19.5 days, a minim
Page 82 and 83: individuals were still alive 3 mont
Page 84 and 85: e. Discussion show similar GI and M
Page 86 and 87: The success of the present method l
Page 88 and 89: Fenaux (1990) for the same species
Page 90 and 91: encountered with food is its stabil
Page 92 and 93: to Christine Spirlet (ref. ERB 4001
Page 94: PART II Measurement for size in the
Page 97 and 98: Part II: Measurement for size in th
Page 99 and 100: Few studies have compared and discu
Page 101 and 102: d. Results and discussion The ambit
Page 103 and 104: Reproducibility of measurements The
Page 105 and 106: e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
Page 107 and 108: principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Page 109 and 110: a relative homogeneous growth of al
Page 111 and 112: 110
Page 113 and 114: Part III: Experimental studies of t
Page 115 and 116: assumption of normality can be test
Page 117 and 118: occurred. From this moment on, and
Page 119 and 120: d. Results Size distribution among
Page 121 and 122: Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
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Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
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purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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134
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Part IV: A growth model with intras
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. Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
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considered factor on the curve's sh
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Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in m
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d. Results Theoretical consideratio
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some two-dimensional processes like
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implements this method ('nlrq' pack
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value just after metamorphosis (D0,
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quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
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Table 12. Results of quantile regre
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This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
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individuals related to the presence
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Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
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60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
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e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
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Constraining parameters as we did i
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It does not consider respiration as
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this species. For other species, wh
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ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
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∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
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evaluated on basis of biological kn
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ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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180
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General conclusions individuals, wh
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Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
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General conclusions - The diauxic g
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General conclusions model not on a
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References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
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References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
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References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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212
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Annexes 214
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# If no graphic device currently op
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lines(edatq[, 1], predict(edat.025,
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SimRes
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Annexes Code of functions required
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plot(cumsum(dat[,columns[1]])/sum(d
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for the CI!!! Annexes SEMean
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} Annexes # - y, a vector of classe
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plot(x, y, type="l", col=col, lty=l
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} Annexes } results[i, 1:5]
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} .value Annexes dimnames(.grad)
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#{ # # This is adapted from SSasymp
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Exp.ival
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SSallo
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.expr4
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.expr9
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. The 'nlrq' package for nonlinear
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nlrq.control package:nlrq R Documen
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gradSetArgs[[2]]), call("[", gradSe
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model.step
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Annexes 254
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Annexes 256
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Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
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Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allom
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Annexes libitum for 8, 16, 24, 32,
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Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim
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Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, d
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Annexes amount of waste produced at
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Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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