Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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c. Material metamorphosis) or hypotheses that can be formulated about changes in individual growth (such as intra- or interspecific competition). The aim of this paper is to propose a growth model taking into account usually neglected aspects such as individual variations or intraspecific competition. This means we will question the concept of "mean individual" and tentatively build up a growth function with parameters carrying high biological meaning. The dataset we used results from a growth study of a single cohort of sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus, reared over a period of 7 years in a controlled environment (see Grosjean et al, 1998, see Part I, for a detailed description of the rearing protocol). Echinoids were never size-sorted, nor individually tagged. All sea urchins in the cohort were measured every 3 months starting at 6 months old (younger echinoids are too fragile to be measured alive) until 4.5 years old, and then every 6 months until 7 years old (Fig. 28A, see also Annex II). Due to mortality, the total number of individuals in the cohort dropped from 725 at 6 months old to 221 at 4.5 years old and to 67 at 7 years old (Fig. 29). Size is expressed by the ambital test diameter D which corresponds to the external diameter of the test at its largest region (the ambitus) excluding spines. D is measured with an electronic sliding caliper at the nearest 0.1 mm (Grosjean et al, 1999, see Part II) and recorded into 1 mm-wide size classes. Note that between 400 and 1200 days, size distributions were heavily skewed, or even multimodal. This is the effect of an intraspecific competition (Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III). Part IV: A growth model with intraspecific competition 141
Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in mm 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 40 A B 0 500 1000 1500 Time t in days Part IV: A growth model with intraspecific competition 2000 2500 0 150 100 50 Nbr. of ind. 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Time t in days quantile 0.975 quantile 0.5 (median) quantile 0.025 142
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
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List of equations Equation 33. Para
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List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
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List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
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Introduction 27
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Foreword 30
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General introduction this study. Se
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General introduction intense fishin
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General introduction habitats: inte
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General introduction substrate to s
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General introduction mm (Spirlet et
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Growth models General introduction
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. The logistic function for asympto
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d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
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Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
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Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
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YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
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Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
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General introduction model 1 for Ec
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General introduction method used. I
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General introduction Experiments in
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Aim of the thesis 62
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PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
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Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
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Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
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6b. exploitation KCl water renewal
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earing cycle into seven stages is e
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(Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
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output. The quality of gametes is o
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average value of 19.5 days, a minim
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individuals were still alive 3 mont
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e. Discussion show similar GI and M
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The success of the present method l
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Fenaux (1990) for the same species
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encountered with food is its stabil
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Page 94: PART II Measurement for size in the
Page 97 and 98: Part II: Measurement for size in th
Page 99 and 100: Few studies have compared and discu
Page 101 and 102: d. Results and discussion The ambit
Page 103 and 104: Reproducibility of measurements The
Page 105 and 106: e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
Page 107 and 108: principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Page 109 and 110: a relative homogeneous growth of al
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Page 113 and 114: Part III: Experimental studies of t
Page 115 and 116: assumption of normality can be test
Page 117 and 118: occurred. From this moment on, and
Page 119 and 120: d. Results Size distribution among
Page 121 and 122: Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 123 and 124: Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
Page 125 and 126: Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
Page 127 and 128: purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
Page 129 and 130: Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
Page 131 and 132: Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
Page 133 and 134: Part III: Experimental studies of t
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Page 137 and 138: Part IV: A growth model with intras
Page 139 and 140: . Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
Page 141: considered factor on the curve's sh
Page 145 and 146: d. Results Theoretical consideratio
Page 147 and 148: some two-dimensional processes like
Page 149 and 150: implements this method ('nlrq' pack
Page 151 and 152: value just after metamorphosis (D0,
Page 153 and 154: quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
Page 155 and 156: Table 12. Results of quantile regre
Page 157 and 158: This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
Page 159 and 160: individuals related to the presence
Page 161 and 162: Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
Page 163 and 164: 60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
Page 165 and 166: e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
Page 167 and 168: Constraining parameters as we did i
Page 169 and 170: It does not consider respiration as
Page 171 and 172: this species. For other species, wh
Page 173 and 174: ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
Page 175 and 176: ∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
Page 177 and 178: evaluated on basis of biological kn
Page 179 and 180: ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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Page 183 and 184: General conclusions individuals, wh
Page 185 and 186: Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
Page 187 and 188: General conclusions - The diauxic g
Page 189 and 190: General conclusions model not on a
Page 191 and 192: References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
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References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
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References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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212
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Annexes 214
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# If no graphic device currently op
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lines(edatq[, 1], predict(edat.025,
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SimRes
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Annexes Code of functions required
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plot(cumsum(dat[,columns[1]])/sum(d
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for the CI!!! Annexes SEMean
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} Annexes # - y, a vector of classe
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plot(x, y, type="l", col=col, lty=l
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} Annexes } results[i, 1:5]
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} .value Annexes dimnames(.grad)
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#{ # # This is adapted from SSasymp
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Exp.ival
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SSallo
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.expr4
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.expr9
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. The 'nlrq' package for nonlinear
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nlrq.control package:nlrq R Documen
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gradSetArgs[[2]]), call("[", gradSe
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model.step
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Annexes 254
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Annexes 256
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Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
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Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allom
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Annexes libitum for 8, 16, 24, 32,
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Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim
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Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, d
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Annexes amount of waste produced at
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Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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