Growth model of the reared sea urchin Paracentrotus ... - SciViews

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Annexes KEYWORDS: Sea urchin, aquaculture, artificial food, somatic growth, roe, digestion. Spirlet, Ch., Ph. Grosjean & M. Jangoux, 2000. Optimization of gonad growth by manipulation of temperature and photoperiod in cultivated sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata). Aquaculture, 185:85-99. ABSTRACT: A starvation and then feeding method was developed to produce about 100% marketable sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus, in 3 ½ months. This method is needed because the reproduction cycle is desynchronized in the conditions imposed during the somatic growth stage in land-based closed systems. The major advantages of starving the animals are resetting the reproductive cycle to the spend stage (gonads almost devoid of sexual cells) and stressing the individuals so that they mobilize and restore the nutritive phagocytes, filling them with nutrients. Batches of sea urchins starved for 2 months beforehand were fed ad libitum for 45 days with enriched food under eight combinations of four temperatures (12°C, 16°C, 20°C and 24°C) and two photoperiods (9 and 17 h daylight). In our system, the best combination was 24°C and 9 h daylight for growth as well as for gonad quality. The gonadal indices obtained (in dry weight) were over 9% at 16°C and over 12% at 24°C, which are better than what is found in the field for this population. KEYWORDS: Gonad, growth, temperature, photoperiod, sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. Van Osselaer, Ch. & Ph. Grosjean, 2000. Suture and location of the coiling axis in gastropod shells. Paleobiology, 26(2):238-257. 259
Annexes ABSTRACT: The general allometric equations for the logarithmic helicospiral can fit many extraconical shapes, but the isometric conditions traditionally used limits study only to conical growth. We present evidence to show that in real gastropod shells, the logarithmic helicospiral equations fit the suture. Poor location of the coiling axis and/or an inappropriate pole for the logarithmic helicospiral has often led to the rejection of this model. The differences between the errors associated with measurements or previously available models, are discussed. Two methods, based on suture trace measurements, are proposed to locate the coiling axis both in apical and lateral views. The first is a graphical method based on an elementary property of the logarithmic spiral. The second, computational method is based on iterative reprojections of the suture. It is shown that the protoconch and the teleloconch must be treated separately. The precision of the new methods (especially the computing method) enables deviations from logarithmic helicospiral trajectory to be identified and differentiated from irregularities of the shell and sequential growth phases. Application of these methods may be useful not only for other gastropod morphological features, but also for other taxa such as brachiopods and other molluscs. KEYWORDS: Coiled shell, coiling axis, gastropod, mollusc, morphometry, suture. Spirlet, Ch., Ph. Grosjean & M. Jangoux, 1998a. Reproductive cycle of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus: analysis by means of the maturity index. Invert. Reprod. Develop., 34(1):69-81. ABSTRACT: The gonad maturity index cycles of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus and their relations with environmental abiotic parameters are assessed after 2 years of observation in southern Brittany, France. The gonadal cycle is briefly described and eight gonadal stages are characterized. The annual cycle, the time of spawning and the period of 260
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U L B bio mar UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE B
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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS W
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Abstract ABSTRACT A rearing protoco
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Résumé RESUME Un protocole d'éle
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Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ANNEXES............................
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List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of figures Figure 28. A. Histo
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List of tables LIST OF TABLES Table
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List of equations LIST OF EQUATIONS
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List of equations Equation 33. Para
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List of symbols LIST OF SYMBOLS Var
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List of symbols IW Immersed weight:
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Introduction 27
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Foreword 30
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General introduction this study. Se
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General introduction intense fishin
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General introduction habitats: inte
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General introduction substrate to s
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General introduction mm (Spirlet et
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Growth models General introduction
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. The logistic function for asympto
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d. The von Bertalanffy curves Gener
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Y Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 General
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Y 1 Y• 0.8 0.6 Y•êH1+bL 0.4 0.
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YY 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 General introd
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Table 1. Models used to fit sea urc
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General introduction model 1 for Ec
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General introduction method used. I
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General introduction Experiments in
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Aim of the thesis 62
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PART I: SET UP OF AN EXPERIMENTAL R
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Land-based closed-cycle echinicultu
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Aquaculture of echinoderms, includi
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6b. exploitation KCl water renewal
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earing cycle into seven stages is e
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(Grosjean et al, 1996, see Part III
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output. The quality of gametes is o
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average value of 19.5 days, a minim
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individuals were still alive 3 mont
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e. Discussion show similar GI and M
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The success of the present method l
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Fenaux (1990) for the same species
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encountered with food is its stabil
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to Christine Spirlet (ref. ERB 4001
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PART II Measurement for size in the
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Part II: Measurement for size in th
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Few studies have compared and discu
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d. Results and discussion The ambit
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Reproducibility of measurements The
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e. Conclusions fresh weight! Cautio
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principal axis 3 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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a relative homogeneous growth of al
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110
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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assumption of normality can be test
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occurred. From this moment on, and
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d. Results Size distribution among
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Nber of ind. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 9. Statistics on the six batc
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Table 10. Size distribution of Fe e
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purpuratus; Dafni & Tobol, 1987: Tr
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. A. Size d
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Nbr. of ind. Nbr. of ind. Nbr. d'in
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Part III: Experimental studies of t
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134
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Part IV: A growth model with intras
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. Introduction fuzzy-remanent funct
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considered factor on the curve's sh
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Diameter D 20 in mm Diameter D in m
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d. Results Theoretical consideratio
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some two-dimensional processes like
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implements this method ('nlrq' pack
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value just after metamorphosis (D0,
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quantifies maximum speed growth, k2
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Table 12. Results of quantile regre
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This way, one obtains a 4-parameter
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individuals related to the presence
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Finally, ∆D∞ should follow a no
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60 Diameter increase D' in mm 40 20
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e. Discussion Fig. 34B shows three
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Constraining parameters as we did i
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It does not consider respiration as
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this species. For other species, wh
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ecapture, McDonald & Pitcher, 1979;
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∆D∞ D0 +∆D∞ − D0 +∆D∞
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evaluated on basis of biological kn
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ain conceptualizes complex objects.
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180
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General conclusions individuals, wh
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Root models: y’ = ay m -by n (exp
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General conclusions - The diauxic g
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General conclusions model not on a
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References Baker, T.T., R. Lafferty
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References Dafni, J. & R. Tobol, 19
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References Ebert, T.A., 1999. Plant
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References intermedius on a rocky s
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References Guillou, M. & Ch. Michel
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References Kobayashi, S. & J. Taki,
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References McDonald, P.D. & T.J. Pi
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References Pouvreau, S., C. Bacher
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References Sellem, F., H. Langar &
Page 209 and 210: References Stumm, W. & J.J. Morgan,
Page 211 and 212: References Webster, S.K. & A.C. Gie
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Page 215 and 216: Annexes 214
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Page 223 and 224: Annexes Code of functions required
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Page 247 and 248: . The 'nlrq' package for nonlinear
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Page 259: Annexes metamorphosis. Acquisition
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Page 265 and 266: Annexes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The aim
Page 267 and 268: Annexes KEYWORDS: Somatic growth, d
Page 269 and 270: Annexes amount of waste produced at
Page 271 and 272: Annexes ABSTRACT: Multimodal distri
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