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EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF CANADA<br />
CYSTODERMA<br />
Cystoderma is characterized by having white spores, lamellae attached to<br />
the Stipe, a more or less distinct annulus, and a granulose covering of the<br />
pileus. Cystoderma species suggest Lepiota in general appearance and were<br />
formerly placed in that genus but are now separated from it because the lamel-<br />
lae are not free. Cystoderma is distinct from Armillaria in the granulose cov-<br />
ering of the pileus and it forms a natural group that is easily recognized in the<br />
field.<br />
They are mostly small species unlikely to interest the mycophagist but<br />
they are usually attractive in appearance. As far as we know, none are poison-<br />
ous. The species are distinguished to a large extent by microscopic characters.<br />
Smith & Singer (1945) have published a good monograph on the genus in<br />
which they recognized fourteen species and a few more have been added since.<br />
CYSTODERMA CINNABARINUM (Alb. & Schw. ex Seer.) Fayod Edible<br />
Figure 154, page 91<br />
PILEUS 1-21/2 in. broad, at first ovoid, then expanded-convex to plane,<br />
finely granular-scaly with bright cinnamon to brownish orange or rusty brown<br />
particles, pallid between the scales, darkest on the disk, margin incurved at<br />
first, sometimes with fragments of the annulus clinging to it. flesh thin,<br />
whitish or stained rusty near the surface, lamellae at first adnate to the stipe<br />
but later separating from it, white or creamy, close to crowded, not broad.<br />
STIPE short and stout, 1-2 in. long, about )4-in. thick, equal or slightly thickened<br />
at the base, coated up to the annulus with mealy-granular, cinnamon<br />
particles, above the annulus paler and glabrous, annulus shght, disappearing.<br />
SPORES minute, eUipsoid, smooth, white, nonamyloid, 3.5-5 X 2.5-3 ju. CY-<br />
STiDiA with spear-shaped tips.<br />
Singly or in small groups on the ground in woods. Sept.-Oct.<br />
This is one of the largest species of the genus and is a very attractive and<br />
beautiful mushroom. It is reported to be edible. C. granulosum (Batsch ex Fr.)<br />
Fayod and C. amianthinum (Scop, ex Fr.) Fayod are also fairly common<br />
species that are somewhat similar in appearance and a microscope is required<br />
to identify them with certainty. C. amianthinum has amyloid spores and C<br />
granulosum lacks cystidia on the lamellae.<br />
ARMILLARIA<br />
Armillaria is generally used to include the species that have an annulus,<br />
white spores, and lamellae attached to the stipe. No volva is present. It is<br />
generally agreed among taxonomists that the genus as so understood includes<br />
several groups of unrelated species but there is not agreement as to the most<br />
suitable way of splitting the genus in order to bring out the relationships. It<br />
therefore seems preferable to use it in the broad sense at present.<br />
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