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EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF CANADA 56. Lamellae free; spores smooth Pluteus P. cervinus (Schaeff. ex Seer.) Fr. 56. Lamellae variously attached; spores slightly echinulate Lepista L. subaequalis (Britz. ) Sing. 57. Spore deposit yellow-brown to purple-brown; spores truncate at apex, dull yellow-brown in KOH; cuticle of pileus not cellular 58 57. Not with above combination of characters 61 58. Spores typically purple-brown in deposit; if dull rusty brown then annulus well developed; usually with a special type of cystidia with an amorphous internal body that stains golden yellow when mounted in ammonia (chrysocystidia); if lignicolous, chrysocystidia present Stropharia S. aeruginosa (Curt, ex Fr.) Quel. 58. Not as above 59 59, Chrysocystidia absent; stipe typically fleshy; spores rusty brown in mass; annulus usually present; habitat typically lignicolous Kuehneromyces K. (Pholiota) mutabilis (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Sing. & Smith 59. Not as above 60 60. Chrysocystidia present Naematoloma N. (Hypholoma) sublateritium (Fr.) Karst. 60. Chrysocystidia absent Psiiocybe P. semilanceata (Fr.) ex Kummer 6L Spore deposit typically bright rusty brown to earth-brown, spores truncate; cuticle of pileus cellular in structure 62 6L Spore deposit typically cocoa-brown to chocolate, or if rusty brown to yellow then spores have not a truncate apex 64 62. Pileus viscid and soft, often subdeliquescent; margin of pileus plicate-striate Bolbitius B. fragilis (L. ex Fr.) Fr. 62. Not as above 63 63. Stipe typically fleshy and spore deposit typically dull clay color to earth-brown (sec Psat/iyrella nho) Agrocybe A. (Pholiota) praecox (Pers. ex Fr.) Fayod 63. Stipe typically cartilaginous; spore deposit bright rusty brown Conocybe C. (Galera) tenera (Schaeff. ex Fr. ) Fayod 64, Spores smooth, lamellae readily separable from pileus Paxillus P. involutus (Batsch ex Fr.) Fr. 64. Not as above 65 65. Spore deposit yellow to dark rusty brown 66 65. Spores cocoa-brown to chocolate or black 82 66. Stipe excentric or lacking Crepidotus C. mollis (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Kummer 66. Stipe typically central 67 67. Spores thin-walled (many collapsed spores usually visible in mounts); spore deposit typically pale yellow to ochraceous and spores very pale under the microscope Tubaria T. furfuracea (Pers. ex Fr.) Gill. 67. Spores well pigmented and with appreciably thickened walls 68 268
TECHNICAL KEY TO THE GENERA OF MUSHROOMS 68. Spores smooth (use oil immersion) 69 68. Spores roughened or angular 73 69. Subhymenial zone typically well developed and gelatinous; typically lignicolous; often with an annulus, and stipe fibrillose to scaly below annulus or annular zone Pholiota P. squarrosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer 69. Not as above, typically terrestrial (lignicolous in Gymnopilus) 70 70. Stipe fleshy 71 70. Stipe brittle, typically thin 72 71. Pileus viscid; cystidia when present neither thick-walled nor encrusted Hebeloma H. fastibile (Fr.) Kummer 71. Pileus dry or moist; if subviscid then encrusted cystidia present on sides of lamellae Inocybe I. trechispora (Berk.) Karst. 72. Spores somewhat almond-shaped; margin of pileus appressed when young Galerina G. (Galera) rubiginosa (Pers. ex Fr.) KUhner 72. Spores somewhat reniform in side view or elliptic; margin of pileus inrolled or incurved at first Naucoria N. centuncula (Fr.) Kummer 73. Spores angular to nodulose or with prominent spines or compound nodules Inocybe I. trechispora (Berk.) Karst. 73. Not as above 74 74. Spores with a smooth area around the hilum Galerina G. rubiginosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer 74. Not as above 75 75. Membranous annulus present; volva rudimentary Rozites R. (Pholiota) caperata (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst. 75. Not as above 76 76. Typically lignicolous and spore deposit very bright rusty fulvous to orange-fulvous Gymnopilus^ G. (Flammula) liquiritiae (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst. 76. Not as above 77 77. Veil lacking and stipe long-radicating Phaeocollybia P. (Naucoria) festiva (Fr.) Heim. ex Sing. 77. Not as above 78 78. Lamellae separable from pileus Ripartites R. (Inocybe) tricholoma (A. & S. ex Fr.) Karst. 78. Not as above 79 79. Stipe thin and fragile; clamp connections absent Galerina G. rubiginosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer 79. Stipe thick, or if thin then clamp connections present 80 80. Typically associated with alder, and pileus showing some differentiation of the cuticle other than a gelatinous pellicle, or cystidia present on the pileus; stipe cartilaginous-brittle A. (Naucoria) submelinoides KUhner Alnicola 80. Not as above 81 269
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edible and poisonous mushrooms of C
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COVER : The Morchella esculenta (le
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Digitized by the Internet Archive i
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©Minister of Supply and Services C
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Page Phaeolepiota 190 Flammula 1 90
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have be
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EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
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28 Figure 67. Lactarius deceptiviis
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. EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF
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90 V 92 Figures 90-92, Amanita caes
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Figure 115. Amanita virosa: one you
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RUSSULA RUSSULA MARIAE Peck Edible
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RUSSULA Solitary or gregarious on t
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AMANITA pruinose, pellicle scarcely
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AMANITA 12. Volva powdery; pileus n
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AMANITA This mushroom has been know
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AMANITA AMANITA GEMMATA (Fr.) Gill.
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AMANITA pallid or grayish on the bu
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AMANITA This large Amanita, with it
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Figure 150, Lepiota naucina. Note t
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LIMACELLA AMANITOPSIS VAGINATA Fr.
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LEPIOTA Amanita virosa for it. For
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LEPIOTA L. brunnea is distinguished
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LEPIOTA to buff or leather color, s
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ARMILLARIA IMPERIALIS (Fries in Lun
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PLEUROTUS 6. Pileus thin, fragile,
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PLEUROTUS usually lateral or almost
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CLITOCYBE cooking. According to Sin
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109
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Ill
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113
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115
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CLITOCYBE ADIRONDACKENSIS (Pk.) Sac
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CLITOCYBE grayish brown when moist,
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CLITOCYBE dense clusters separate i
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LEUCOPAXILLUS cream, or pale tan on
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TRICHOLOMA 8. Pileus with prominent
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TRICHOLOMA glabrous, sometimes stri
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TRICHOLOMA TRICHOLOMA SEJUNCTUM (So
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HYGROPHORUS MELANOLEUCA ALBOFLAVIDA
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133
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\ 135
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Key HYGROPHORUS 1. Pileus viscid 2
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HYGROPHORUS thick, equal or taperin
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HYGROPHORUS HYGROPHORUS MINIATUS Fr
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HYGROPHORUS thick especially next t
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LACCARIA LACCARIA Species of Laccar
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XEROMPHALINA TENUIPES (Schw.) Smith
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COLLYBIA finally pale yellow, flesh
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COLLYBIA bitter. The dense clusters
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245. Pluteus cervinus. 247. Volvari
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156 to 5 o 3
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267. Pholiota aurivella. 269. F. ca
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176 ^ yj/s^^^ 119 Figure 277. Mycen
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293. Crepidotus fulvotomentosus. 29
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196 Figures 303-304. Lentinus lepid
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214 317. Gyroporus cyanescens. 319.
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Figures 327-329. Volvariella specio
Page 232 and 233: EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
Page 248 and 249: 234 Figures 341-350 341. Cortinariu
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Page 268 and 269: 254 ^;"'"l*'' 363, C lavaria fusifo
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Page 290 and 291: HDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF C
Page 294 and 295: Figures 374-383 374. Geastrum tripl
Page 296 and 297: 282 Figure 384. Hebeloma sinapizans
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Page 300 and 301: 286 Figures 390-391. Coprinus atram
Page 302 and 303: 288 Figure 394. Panaeolus foeniseci
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Page 306 and 307: 292 Figures 404-405. Calvatia gigan
Page 308 and 309: 294 ,' Figure 409. Helvetia crispa.
Page 310 and 311: 296 Figure 413. Pleurotus serotinus
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Page 314 and 315: 300 Figure 420. CUtopilus abortivus
Page 316 and 317: 302 I Figure 424. Panaeolus retirug
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Page 320 and 321: 306 Figure 430. Gyromitra infula.
Page 323 and 324: ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES OF AUTHORS A
Page 325 and 326: filiform: very slender, thread-like
Page 327 and 328: abietina, Russula 62, 74 abortivus,
Page 329 and 330: Dacrymycetaceae 23, 24, 245 dealbat
Page 331 and 332: luteovirens, Armillaria 266 lutesce
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septenlrionale, Hydnum 241 sericeum
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ADDENDUM S. A. Redhead Biosystemati
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NOMENCLATURAL AND TAXONOMIC UPDATE
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nigricans, Russula nitidus, Hygroph
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CAL'BCA OTTAWA K1A 0C5 >073 0018510
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