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EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF CANADA
silky-hairy, margin irregular and wavy, flesh thin, whitish ochraceous, odor
and taste none, lamellae decurrent, distant, narrow, ridge-form, blunt on the
edge, forked, at first yellowish ochraceous, becoming grayish at maturity.
STIPE 1-2)^ in. long, V8~!4 ^^- thick, equal, glabrous, brownish yellow to
ochraceous, whitish at the base, soHd or stuffed, sometimes hollow in age.
SPORES creamy white in mass, ovoid to subglobose or broadly elliptical, smooth,
7-10.5 X 6-8 (9) fx.
In groups on the ground in swampy places, usually among sphagnum.
July-Sept.
Kauffman thought that the specific name tubaeformis was misleading
because the stipe in this species is sohd and not tube-hke. However, the name
is derived from tuba, a trumpet, and refers to the shape of the pileus rather
than to the stipe. It is not so deeply trumpet-shaped as C. floccosus and is a
thinner, more pHant, and less brightly colored plant.
Considerable uncertainty exists concerning the taxonomy and nomen-
clature of this and related species. There appear to be four similar but probably
distinct fungi which have been called respectively, C. tubaeformis Fr., C. in-
fundibuliformis Fr., C. lutescens Fr., and Craterellus lutescens Pers. ex Fr.
The Craterellus is a rather bright yellow species with a smooth or slightly
wrinkled hymenium, and when it dries the pileus becomes gray to blackish and
the hymenium pale yellow. The spores are 9-12 X 7-8.5 /x. Cantharellus
lutescens is yellowish orange to brownish ochre. The lamellae are relatively
well formed, orange-buff in young specimens, more grayish in older ones, and
becoming gray when dried. The spores are (9) 10-12 (13) X 6-8.5 (10) /x.
C. tubaeformis and C. infundibuliformis are not so brightly colored and
have slightly smaller, more subglobose spores. The spores of C. infundibuli-
formis are said to be tinged yellowish to salmon in mass whereas those of
C. tubaeformis are whitish to cream. This seems to be the principal difference
between the two species, although the stipe of C. tubaeformis is said to be solid
at first, becoming hollow in age, whereas the stipe of C. infundibuliformis is
hollow from the first. These fungi need further study to determine whether or
not the differences are constant and sufficiently great to warrant regarding
them as distinct species. If they should prove to be variations of the same
fungus, C. tubaeformis would be the correct name of the species.
Apparently there is a fungus occurring in the western United States that
has a yellow spore deposit and grows on wood. This may be the true C. in-
fundibuliformis or may perhaps be an undescribed species. If this proves to be
C. infundibuliformis probably all the material of the eastern form occurring in
swamps is C tubaeformis.
CANTHARELLUS UMBONATUS Fr. Edible
Figure 51, page 25
PILEUS 54-1 1/2 ill- broad, pliant, at first convex or topshaped, becoming
plane to depressed, usually with a small umbo, bluish gray, gray-brown, or
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