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PANAEOLUS<br />
PANAEOLUS<br />
Panaeolus includes a small group of black-spored species. The lamellae<br />
have a characteristic mottled or dotted appearance as a result of the spores<br />
maturing unevenly. The lamellae do not deliquesce as in Coprinus. A veil is<br />
present in some species but is usually evanescent.<br />
Species of Panaeolus should not be eaten. Some are known to be poisonous<br />
and to cause a form of intoxication. It is considered probable that reports of<br />
poisoning by Coprinus species when taken with alcohol are sometimes based on<br />
the use of Panaeolus species that have been mistaken for Coprini.<br />
PANAEOLUS FOENISECII (Fr.) Kiihner Edible, not recommended<br />
Figure 394, page 288<br />
piLEUS 1/2-1 ^^' broad, convex or campanulate-convex, sometimes plane,<br />
fleshy, hygrophanous, variable in color, dark grayish brown or smoky brown<br />
to reddish brown, fading to dingy tan or buff, glabrous, the surface sometimes<br />
cracking into patches or scales, margin even, sometimes striate when moist.<br />
FLESH thin, watery brown, fading, odor and taste mild, lamellae adnate, then<br />
seceding, close to subdistant, broad, variegated chocolate-brown to purphsh<br />
black, stipe 1 J^-3 in. long, ^6"% ii^- thick, equal, glabrous, pruinose at the<br />
apex, pale brownish, hollow, spores somewhat almond-shaped, dark purphsh<br />
brown, rough, 12-20 X 8-10 /x-<br />
In groups or scattered on lawns and grassy places. June-Sept.<br />
This is one of the commonest of the small mushrooms occurring on lawns.<br />
It may be puzzhng at first because of the great changes in color that occur as it<br />
dries out, but one soon becomes acquainted with its range of variation. Micro-<br />
scopically the large rough spores are very distinctive. It is reported to be edible,<br />
but all species of Panaeolus are best avoided.<br />
PANAEOLUS SEMIOVATUS (Fr.) Lundell Not recommended<br />
Figure 307, page 213<br />
PILEUS %-2 in. broad, occasionally larger, conic to ovoid to campanulate,<br />
not expanded, whitish to pale clay-colored, viscid, smooth, or becoming<br />
cracked in age. flesh fairly thick, soft, fragile, whitish, odor and taste not<br />
distinctive, lamellae adnate, separating from the stipe, ventricose, close,<br />
broad, grayish or brown, mottled black, stipe 3-8 in. long, J4-J4 i^i- thick,<br />
equal or enlarged at the base, white to palhd buff, smooth or somewhat striate,<br />
hollow. ANNULus whitish becoming black from the spores, may be striate,<br />
membranous, attached near the middle of the stipe or slightly above, spores<br />
black, elhpsoid, smooth, 16-20 X 8-11 /x-<br />
Sohtary or in small groups on horse dung, throughout the growing season.<br />
Because of the membranous annulus some authors have placed this fungus<br />
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