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science study, where perceptions of participants are considered as reality (Anderson,
2009).
Second, the research setting was based on Indian hospitality industries. Hofstede
(2001) suggest that Indian organisations have greater power-distance between
hierarchies. Although the subordinates were assured confidentiality, there is a
possibility that subordinates may have rated scores considered desirable by their
supervisors, rather than real scores. The reason for this assumption is because
subordinates may have developed a fear of being reprimanded by their supervisors.
Therefore, this might have affected the responses of the subordinate participants.
Finally, complete anonymity from the participants was not established in the current
research. This was due to the conditions mentioned in the ethical norms of this
research (see section 3.9). This requirement could have manipulated the rating scores
completed by the participants. The cause of this assumption is that, since the names of
the participants are known to the researcher, the participants might have assumed their
responses may be revealed to other participants or to the management. In fear of being
confronted with an embarrassing situation, the results of the present study could have
been rated on socially desirable scores rather than those indicating the true perceptions
of the participants.
5.5 Future Research
Based on the findings and limitations of this research, a variety of future studies are
recommended. First, replication of this research should be carried out to reveal
similarities and differences in the present findings. Further similar study could be
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