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Hopkins, G. W. (2006). A new view of statistics: A scale of magnitudes for effect statistics. Retrieved 30 April, 2012, from http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/effectmag.html House, R. J., & Aditya, R. (1997). The social scientific study on leadership: Quo vadis? Journal of Management, 23, 409-474. doi:10.1177/014920639702300306 Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The Structure Equation Modeling Approach: Basic Concepts, and Fundamental Issues. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications (pp. 1-15). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Huang, X., Wright, R. P., Chiu, W. C. K., & Wang, C. (2008). Relational schemas as sources of evaluation and misevaluation of leader–member exchanges: Some initial evidence. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 266-282. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.03.003 Janssen, O. Y. N. W. (2004). Employees' goal orientations, the quality of leadermember exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job statisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 368-384. doi:10.2307/20159587 Jewell, E. J., & Abate, F. (Eds.). (2001). The New Oxford American Dictionary. New York City, NY: Oxford University Press. Johnston, M., Parasuraman, A., Futrell, C., & Black, W. (1990). A longitudinal assessment of the impact of selected organizational influences on salespeople's organizational commitment during early employment. Journal of Marketing Research, 27, 333 - 344. Kacmar, K. M., Harris, K. J., Carlson, D. S., & Zivnuska, S. (2009). Surface-level actual similarity vs. deep-level perceived similarity: Predicting leader-member exchange agreement. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 10(3), 315-334. Kacmar, K. M., Zivnuska, S., Witt, L. A., & Gully, S. M. (2003). The interactive effect of leader-member exchange and communication frequency on performance ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 764-772. doi:10.1037/0021- 9010.88.4.764 Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R., & Snoelk, J. D. (1964). Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. New York: Wiley. Kamakura, W. A., Mittal, V., Rosa, F. d., & Mazzon, J. A. (2002). Assessing the Service-Profit Chain. Marketing Science, 21(3), 294-317. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.21.3.294.140 113
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An examination of the relationship
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3.2 Research Paradigms ............
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Measures of
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Conceptua
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I take this opport
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employees and help human resource d
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Several leadership theories can be
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1.2 Research Objective This study d
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1.5 Definitions of Key Terms Leader
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2.2 Characteristics of the Hospital
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satisfaction, as employees have a v
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The theories that focus on follower
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Colquitt, Lepine and Wesson (2011)
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elationships with the organisation.
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In particular, Grestner and Day (19
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Martin, 2004; Kenney, Blascovich, &
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2.5.1.5 Egocentric bias Egocentric
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The foregoing sections reviewed the
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(1993)analysed the relationship bet
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etter organisational commitment whe
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Turnover is a topic of intense rese
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poor working conditions and unsatis
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group, they will regard themselves
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3.1 Introduction CHAPTER 3 - METHOD
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present study is consistent with a
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hospitality literature have been co
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Table 1: Measures of Subordinate LM
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Table 3: Measures of Turnover Inten
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English (Manjunath & Kurian, 2009).
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and a Participant Information Sheet
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3.8.1.2 Support for the Difference
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dependent or independent (Székely
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CHAPTER 4 - RESULTS The research in
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1. Gender: Lodging: All of the 161
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are marginally more experienced wit
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Table 9: Industry Experience of Sub
Page 73 and 74: Table 10: Job Function of Subordina
Page 75 and 76: Table 11: Hospitality Education of
Page 77 and 78: 4.1.2 Supervisors The supervisors w
Page 79 and 80: 3. Tenure: All supervisors from bot
Page 81 and 82: Table 16: Industrial Experience of
Page 83 and 84: experience among the supervisors in
Page 85 and 86: among these supervisors ranged from
Page 87 and 88: This hypothetical supervisor will h
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2: Scree Plot 78
Page 91 and 92: supervisor LMX score of each partic
Page 93 and 94: On the other hand, supervisor LMX i
Page 95 and 96: Table 26: Correlation Results when
Page 97 and 98: Table 29: Subordinate Tenure Fewer
Page 99 and 100: a moderate correlation (.322) betwe
Page 101 and 102: Table 33: Supervisor Industry Exper
Page 103 and 104: From the results presented in Table
Page 105 and 106: 5.1 Introduction CHAPTER 5 - DISCUS
Page 107 and 108: findings suggest that behaviours re
Page 109 and 110: agreement with the organisational c
Page 111 and 112: In addition, the research used two
Page 113 and 114: commitment. It is evident that comm
Page 115 and 116: science study, where perceptions of
Page 117 and 118: REFERENCES Adler-Milstein, J., Sing
Page 119 and 120: BLS. (2011). Job openings and labor
Page 121 and 122: De Matos, C. A., Henrique, J. L., &
Page 123: Harris, M. M., & Schaubroeck, J. (1
Page 127 and 128: Lord, R. G., & Emrich, C. G. (2001)
Page 129 and 130: Pellegrini, E. K., Scandura, T. A.,
Page 131 and 132: Sin, H. P., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morg
Page 133 and 134: Vecchio, R. P. (1998). Leader-membe
Page 135 and 136: Kindly complete the following quest
Page 137 and 138: Appendix 2: Supervisor Questionnair
Page 139 and 140: Appendix 3: Participant Information
Page 141 and 142: The only cost to you is your time:
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 5: Participant Information
Page 145 and 146: How do I agree to participate in th
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