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108 THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI Spore germination. Unknown. In some of the material examined Protomyces macrosporus Ung, (see Plowright (1889) p. 300) was also present. ' Entyloma henningsianum Syd. Entyloma henningsianum Sydow, Hedwigia, xxxix, p. 123; 1900. Sori in the leaves forming scattered orbicular spots, 4-8 mm. diam., pale yellow, becoming brownish. Spores globose or globose-angular, yellowish-hyaline, epispore about 2 ft thick, smooth, 9-15 /x. On Samolus valerandi. Dubh Loch, Inveraray, Argyllshire, Sept., 1907, D. A. Boyd (A. L. Smith & Rea, Trans. Brit, mycol. Soc, iii, p. 34, 1908 [Herb. B.M.]). Spore germination. Unknown. Entyloma matiicaxiae Eostr. - Entylxyma matricariae Rostiup in Thumen, Mycoth. univ.. No. 2223,1884. Entyloma matricariae Trail in Plowright, 1889. Entyloma trailii Massee, 1891 [nom. nov. for E. matricariae Trail apud Plowr.]. Sori in the leaves, when mature as discrete brown spots or affecting all surfaces of the leaf segments, and, less frequently, the stems. Spores globose or polygonal, thin-walled, hyaUne to dark yeUow, smooth, 10-12 fi diam. Sporidia on the host, in mature and maturing sori, filiform, hyaline, one- to four-celled, 6-25 X 2-3 fx. On Matricaria inodora. Aug.-Sept. Scotland (Orkneys, Aberdeens., Argylls.). Spore germination. Unknown. Entyloma microsporum (Ung.) Schroet. Protomyces microsporus Unger, Die Exantheme der Pflanzen, p. 343, 1833. Entyloma ungerianum de Bary, 1874 [nom. nov. for P. microsporus Ung.]. Entyloma microsporum Schroeter in Rabenh. Fungi Europ., No. 1872, 1874. Stat, conid. Gylindrosporium ranunculi var. microsporum D. Saccardo, 1904. Entylomella microspora (D. Sacc.) Ciferri, 1938. Sori in the leaves and petioles as round or fusiform yellowish-brown swellings. Spores globose or irregular, pale yellowish brown, epispore formed of several layers, 2-6 /x thick, smooth, 12-21 X10-18 /LI. Sporidia on the host fusiform, hyaline, 12-18x2-5/n. On Eanunculus repens, R. acris. Sept.-Oct. England (Yorks.), Scotland. Spore germination. De Bary (1874) obtained germination in 24 hours by placing spores from a fresh, ripe sorus in water in a moderately warm room. Spores dried for three months also germinated. Four to eight (usually six or seven) terminal branches developed simultaneously on the promycelium with apical or basal fusion. Sometimes the branches grew out to form mycelium, sometimes they gave rise to long, thin, slightly bent sporidia (Fig. 20 b).
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 109 Infection of the. host. Characteristic flecks developed in 11 to 14 days after inoculating leaves of R. repens with germinating chlamydospores (de Bary, 1874). DoASSANSiA Cornu, Ann. Sci. nat.. Bat., Ser. 6, xv, p. 285, 1883. Type; Doassansia alismatia (Nees) Cornu on Alisma plantago, Europe. Synonyms: SetchelUa Magnus, 1895. Doassansiopsis (Setch.) Dietel, 1897, p.p. Sari usually in the leaves of aquatic plants or of plants in moist situations; rather permanently embedded in the host tissue. Spore balls each composed of a sterile cortical layer and a central mass of fertile spores which in some species surround a central core of sterile cells or hyphae. Spores light-coloured, thinwalled, smooth. Spore germination, see below. Setchell (1892) in his monograph of the genus distinguished three sub-genera: Eudoassansia, for forms such as D. sagittariae and D. alismatis, in which the centre of the spore ball is composed of spores only; Doassansiopsis, for forms such as D. martianoffiana, in which the spores surround a core of parenchymatous tissue; and Pseudodoassansia in which the spores enclose an irregular mass of hyphae. Doassansia alismatis (Nees) Cornu Sclerotium alismatis Nees in Fries, Systema, ii, p. 257, 1822. Perisporium alismatis Fries, ibid., iii, p. 252, 1829. Doassansia alismatis (Nees) Comu, Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Ser. 6, xv, p. 285,1883. Sphaeria alismatis Currey, Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., xxii, p. 334, 1859 fide SeteheU [but see Grove, Coelomycetes, i, p. 53, 1935]. Sphaeropsis alismatis (Currey) Cooke, 1867. Phyllosticta curreyi Saccardo, Syll. Fung., iii, p. 60, 1884 [nov. nom. for S. alismatis']. Cylindrosporium alismacearum Saccardo, p.p., fide Grove, 1937. Sori in the leaves as yellowish to brownish circular spots up to 1 cm. diam. and as larger irregular areas on which the embedded spore balls form numerous minute elevations. Spore balls more or less spherical, dark reddish-brown, 130-200 [I diam., each composed of a distinct cortical layer of radially elongated cells (10-20x5-12 /x) surrounding a central mass of spores. Spores globose or somewhat angled, tinted yellowish, smooth, 10-12 /j, diam. On Alisma plantago-aquatica. July-Oct. England (Suffolk), Scotland. Exsiccati: Cooke, Fungi Brit. Exsicc, i, 431 (as Sphaeropsis alismatis). Spore germination. Comu (1883) found that the spores germinated easily in water forming a crown of sporidia which were at first fusiform, elongated and diverging, later almost thread-like. Brefeld (1895) so figured germination. SetcheU (1892) who germinated fresh spores in July to August and dried material in October to March, described the process in some detail. The promycehum was long, slender (40-50 X 3-4 jti) with five to seven fusiform sporidia
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THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI ^ (USTILAGIN
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FOREWORD THIS volume was started wh
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6 PBEFACE We also acknowledge the b
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INTRODUCTION THE smut fungi, which
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INTRODUCTION H of bushels of wheat
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FIG. 1. Vstilago avenae on Arrhenat
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^^ THE BBITISH SMUT FUNGI Young hea
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BIOLOGY 15 less than the normal, in
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BIOLOGy 17 and united with it, fina
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BIOLOGY 19 eermination in a collect
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BIOLOGY 21 genus, and the manner of
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BIOLOGY 23 species of Entyloma, and
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3036^ BIOLOGY 25 in others. Dickins
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CYTOLOGY THE discovery of nuclei in
Page 33 and 34:
GENETICS INCOMPATIBILITY KNIEP'S di
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GENETICS • 31 direction of growth
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GENETICS 35 when a few sporidia fro
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GENETICS 37 lines retained their di
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TECHNIQUE COLLECTION AND EXAMINATIO
Page 43 and 44:
TECHNIQUE 41 be undesirable. Weak a
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TECHNIQUE 43 in one season (see p.
Page 47 and 48:
TECHNIQUE 45 barley with loose smut
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TECHNIQUE 47 (1939), Holton & Heald
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TECHNIQUE 49 Allen's, modification
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CLASSIFICATION THE morphological ch
Page 55 and 56:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI MOST of the
Page 57 and 58:
FIG. 2. Spore geimination in Ustila
Page 59 and 60: THE BRITISH SMUT FUJJGI 57 from one
Page 61 and 62: THE BRITISH SMUT FUKGI 59 of exsert
Page 63 and 64: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 61 noticeabl
Page 65 and 66: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 63 Evidence
Page 67 and 68: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 65 winter in
Page 69 and 70: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 67 Ustilago
Page 71 and 72: THE BRITISH SMUT FUlJGI 69 material
Page 73 and 74: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 71 results o
Page 75 and 76: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 73 TTstilago
Page 77 and 78: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 75 Species i
Page 79 and 80: " TJSE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 77 Ustila
Page 81 and 82: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 79 On Carex
Page 83 and 84: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 81 Exsiccati
Page 85 and 86: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 83 Tilletia
Page 87 and 88: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 85 bunt ball
Page 89 and 90: THE BEITISH SMUT FUNGI 87 globose t
Page 91 and 92: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 89 FIG. 13.
Page 93 and 94: FIG. 15. Spore geimination in Taboi
Page 95 and 96: FIG. 17. Spore germination in Urocy
Page 97 and 98: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 95 separate
Page 99 and 100: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 97 8ori in t
Page 101 and 102: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 99 Urocystis
Page 103 and 104: 30390 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 101 pr
Page 105 and 106: FIG. 20. Spore geimination in Entyl
Page 107 and 108: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 105 Sori in
Page 109: On Ranunculus ficariae and B. scler
Page 113 and 114: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 111 [Sporidi
Page 115 and 116: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 113 Ustilago
Page 117 and 118: REFEEENCES 115 BBETT, M. A. (1940).
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES 117 ^ DniON WESTON, W. A
Page 121 and 122: REFERENCES 119 GRIFFITHS, MAEIOK A.
Page 123 and 124: REFERENCES 121 HtjTTiG, W. (1933).
Page 125 and 126: REFEBENCES 123 LiMBOtruN, E. J. (19
Page 127 and 128: REFERENCES 125 NOBLE, E. J. (1934).
Page 129 and 130: REFERENCES 127 RoDENHiSEE, H. A., &
Page 131 and 132: BEFERENCES 129 STAKMAK, E. C, XCEEN
Page 133 and 134: EEFEEENCES 131 WAXTBE, J. M. (1934)
Page 135 and 136: INDEX to generic and specific names
Page 137 and 138: Muscari Ustilago vaillantii, 59 Myo
Page 139 and 140: Ustilago ficuum Reich., 113 —flps
Page 141 and 142: 2i}:y0 ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL
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