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86 THE BEITISH SMUT FUNGI in the degree of infection (Fittschen, 1939). The value of the back-cross method of breeding bunt-resistant wheats is discussed by Briggs (1930 a, 1935 b). I Tilletia decipiens (Pers.) Korn. Uredo segetum e decipiens Persoon, Synopsis, p. 225, 180,1. Uredo decipiens a graminum Strauss, 1810. I Uredo sphaerococca Rabenhorst, 1844, fide Komicke, 1877. Tilletia sphaerococca (Rabenh.) Fischer von Waldheim, 1867. Tilletia decipiens (Pers.) Komicke, Hedwigia, xvi, p. 30, 1877. Tilletia separata Massee, 1899, p.p., fide Massee, 1899. Sari in the ovaries filHng the grata with spores, partly hidden by the glumes, about 1 mm. long. Spore mass powdery, dark brown, foetid. Spores globose to sub-globose, brown, reticulate (reticulations somewhat irregular, 3-5 [J, wide, 2-4 (mostly 2-5-3-5) fj, deep), 26-32 ^ diam. On Agrostis canina, A. stolonifera, A. tenuis. Sept. Widespread. Infected plants are stunted, and dwarfed plants of A. tenuis were at one time known as A. pumila L., see W. R. PhUlipson (J. Bat., Land., Ixxiii, pp. 70-2, 1935, J. Linn. Sac., Bot., U, pp. 84, 89, 100, 193) who states that infected plants sometimes recover and revert to their normal habit. Spore germination. Brefeld (1895) germinated spores three years old. The promycelial branches six to ten in number and septate like those of T. caries, fuse in pairs and, still in situ, give rise to sickle-shaped sporidia. In Brefeld's figures these are seen germinating, without falling, to form long hyphae (Fig. 10 a). Tilletia hold (Westend.) Schroet. Polycystis hold Westendorp, Bull. Acad. roy. Belg., Ser. 2, xi, p. 660, 1861. Tilletia hold (Westend.) Schroeter, in Cohn, Beitrag. Biol.Ppinz.,u,j). 365,1877. Tilletia rauwenhoffii Fischer von Waldheim, 1887 [nov. nom. for P. hold Westend.] Sori in the ovaries filling the inflated grain with spores, partly hidden by the glumes, 2-3 mm. long. Spore mass powdery, brownish black, slightly foetid. Spores globose to sub-globose, brown, reticulate (reticulations 4-6 ix wide, 2-3 ju. deep), 22-28 /x diam. On Holcus lanatus and H. mollis. June-Sept. Widespread. Common. First recorded for the British Isles as T. rauwenhoffii on H. mollis, ra. Doncaster, 17 July 1891, by Plowright (1891, 1899) {Qdnrs' Chron., Ser. 3, iv, p. 374, 1891; Trans. Brit, mycol. Sac, i, 60, 1899). Spore germination. Unknown. Tilletia lolii Auers. Tilletia lolii Auerswald in IQotzsch-Rabenhorst, Herb. viv. myc, No. 1899,1854. Sori in the ovaries filling the, inflated grain with spores, partly hidden by the glumes, 5-7 mm. long. Spore mass powdery, brown, foetid when fresh. Spores
THE BEITISH SMUT FUNGI 87 globose to sub-globose, light brown, reticulate (reticulations 2-4 JJ, wide, 2-3 /A deep), 18-22 fi diam. On Lolium temulentum, L. multiflorum, L. perenne, and L. remotum. Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Aberystwyth. Introduced in seed of L. temulentum from Portugal and infected the four species of Lolium named, in a pot .experiment in 1937-8 (Sampson & Western, 1941). Spore germination was figured by Kiihn (1858). The sporidia at the end of the promycelium are shorter and wider than those of T. caries. Fusions of filiform sporidia and the development of allantoid sporidia were shown. Infection of the host occurs at the seedling stage (Sampson & Western, 1941). Tilletia menieri Har. & Pat. Tilletia menieri Hariot & Patouillard, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr., xx, p. 61, 1904. Sori in the ovaries filling the inflated grain with spores, partly hidden by the glumes, 3-4 mm. long. Spore mass powdery, brownish black. Spores globose to sub-globose, light brown, reticulate (reticulations 2-^ fj, wide, 1-5-3-0 /A deep), 20-26 fx. diam. On Phalaris arundinacea. August. Ireland (Antrim) (see A. L. Smith, Trans. Brit, mycol. Soc., iii, p. 374, 1911); England (Suffolk, Northumberland); Scotland. Spore germination. Unknown. ENTOEEHIZA C. Weber, Bot. Zeit., xlii, p. 378, 1884 Type: Entorrhiza cypericola (Magnus) Weber on Cyperus flavescens, Germany. Sori in swellings of the living roots of Cyperus and Juncus. Spores single, thick-waUed. Spore germination by one or more germ tubes on which small sicklei-shaped sporidia are developed. Magnus (Verh. bot. Vereins Brandenburg, xx, p. 53, 1878) described a smut causing swelhngs on the roots of Cyperus flavescens which he referred to the genus Schinzia Naeg. as S. cypericola Magn. Because of the doubtful nature of Schinzia, a genus erected by Naegeli {Linnea, xvi, p. 281, 1842) for two uncertain species found in 7ns roots, Webert|1884) proposed a new genus Entorrhiza based on E. cypericola (Magn.) Weber. Weber, however, united smuts from root swellings of C. flavescens and Junxyus bufonius as E. cypericola and his observations on the biology were made on material from the second host. Subsequently, Magnus (1888) showed that the smut on C. flavescens (which has finely reticulate or punctate spores) differs from that on J. bufonius^ (which has coarsely warted spores) and proposed the name Schinzia aschersoniana Magnus {foe. cit., p. 103) for the latter. Lagerheim in Aug., 1888, and de Toni in Oct., 1888 {Sacc. Syll., vii, p. 497), independently made the combination Entorrhiza aschersoniana. This confusion has been reflected in the nomenclature adopted by different authors for these smuts. No British specimen has been examined. It is clear from the pubhshed records that E. aschersonia on J. bufonius has been collected in Scotland but the species involved in certain records on other species of Juncus is less certain.
Page 1 and 2:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI ^ (USTILAGIN
Page 3:
FOREWORD THIS volume was started wh
Page 6 and 7:
6 PBEFACE We also acknowledge the b
Page 9 and 10:
INTRODUCTION THE smut fungi, which
Page 11 and 12:
INTRODUCTION H of bushels of wheat
Page 14 and 15:
FIG. 1. Vstilago avenae on Arrhenat
Page 16:
^^ THE BBITISH SMUT FUNGI Young hea
Page 19 and 20:
BIOLOGY 15 less than the normal, in
Page 21 and 22:
BIOLOGy 17 and united with it, fina
Page 23 and 24:
BIOLOGY 19 eermination in a collect
Page 25 and 26:
BIOLOGY 21 genus, and the manner of
Page 27 and 28:
BIOLOGY 23 species of Entyloma, and
Page 29 and 30:
3036^ BIOLOGY 25 in others. Dickins
Page 31 and 32:
CYTOLOGY THE discovery of nuclei in
Page 33 and 34:
GENETICS INCOMPATIBILITY KNIEP'S di
Page 35 and 36:
GENETICS • 31 direction of growth
Page 37 and 38: GENETICS 35 when a few sporidia fro
Page 39 and 40: GENETICS 37 lines retained their di
Page 41 and 42: TECHNIQUE COLLECTION AND EXAMINATIO
Page 43 and 44: TECHNIQUE 41 be undesirable. Weak a
Page 45 and 46: TECHNIQUE 43 in one season (see p.
Page 47 and 48: TECHNIQUE 45 barley with loose smut
Page 49 and 50: TECHNIQUE 47 (1939), Holton & Heald
Page 51 and 52: TECHNIQUE 49 Allen's, modification
Page 53 and 54: CLASSIFICATION THE morphological ch
Page 55 and 56: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI MOST of the
Page 57 and 58: FIG. 2. Spore geimination in Ustila
Page 59 and 60: THE BRITISH SMUT FUJJGI 57 from one
Page 61 and 62: THE BRITISH SMUT FUKGI 59 of exsert
Page 63 and 64: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 61 noticeabl
Page 65 and 66: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 63 Evidence
Page 67 and 68: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 65 winter in
Page 69 and 70: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 67 Ustilago
Page 71 and 72: THE BRITISH SMUT FUlJGI 69 material
Page 73 and 74: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 71 results o
Page 75 and 76: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 73 TTstilago
Page 77 and 78: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 75 Species i
Page 79 and 80: " TJSE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 77 Ustila
Page 81 and 82: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 79 On Carex
Page 83 and 84: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 81 Exsiccati
Page 85 and 86: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 83 Tilletia
Page 87: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 85 bunt ball
Page 91 and 92: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 89 FIG. 13.
Page 93 and 94: FIG. 15. Spore geimination in Taboi
Page 95 and 96: FIG. 17. Spore germination in Urocy
Page 97 and 98: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 95 separate
Page 99 and 100: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 97 8ori in t
Page 101 and 102: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 99 Urocystis
Page 103 and 104: 30390 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 101 pr
Page 105 and 106: FIG. 20. Spore geimination in Entyl
Page 107 and 108: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 105 Sori in
Page 109 and 110: On Ranunculus ficariae and B. scler
Page 111 and 112: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 109 Infectio
Page 113 and 114: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 111 [Sporidi
Page 115 and 116: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 113 Ustilago
Page 117 and 118: REFEEENCES 115 BBETT, M. A. (1940).
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES 117 ^ DniON WESTON, W. A
Page 121 and 122: REFERENCES 119 GRIFFITHS, MAEIOK A.
Page 123 and 124: REFERENCES 121 HtjTTiG, W. (1933).
Page 125 and 126: REFEBENCES 123 LiMBOtruN, E. J. (19
Page 127 and 128: REFERENCES 125 NOBLE, E. J. (1934).
Page 129 and 130: REFERENCES 127 RoDENHiSEE, H. A., &
Page 131 and 132: BEFERENCES 129 STAKMAK, E. C, XCEEN
Page 133 and 134: EEFEEENCES 131 WAXTBE, J. M. (1934)
Page 135 and 136: INDEX to generic and specific names
Page 137 and 138: Muscari Ustilago vaillantii, 59 Myo
Page 139 and 140:
Ustilago ficuum Reich., 113 —flps
Page 141 and 142:
2i}:y0 ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL
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