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80 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI THECAPHOEA Fingerhuth, Linnaea, x, p. 230, 1836 Type: Themphora hyalina Fingerli. [= T. seminis-convolvuli] on Convolvulus sepium, Europe. Synonym: PoiMlosporium Dietel, 1897. Sori frequently in the inflorescence. Spore mass powdery. Spore balls composed of few to numerous rather permanently united spores. Spores yellowish to reddish, adjacent sides flat and smooth, free surfaces rounded and variously ornamented. Spore germination, see below. ' Thecapbora deformans Tul. Thecaphora deformans Durier & Montagne ex Tulasne, Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Ser. 3, vii, p. 110, 1847. Thecaphora lathyri Kiihn, 1873, fide Clinton, 1904. Sori in the seeds. Spore mass granular, reddish brown. Spore halls globose to ellipsoidal, reddish brown, rather permanent, 20-60 p, diam., each composed of five to more than 20 spores. Spores globose or variously angled, contiguous surfaces flat and smooth, free surfaces rounded and coarsely verrucose, 10-18 [i diam. ^ On Lathyrus pratensis. Scotland: Edinburgh, Sept., 1923, M. Drummond (WUson, Tran^. Brit, mycol. Soc, ix, p. 144, 1924, as T. lathyri); Drem, E. Lothian, Aug., 1929, Malcolm Wilson. Spore germination. Brefeld (1883) found the spores of this species, which he studied as T. lathyri, to be viable throughout the year. After three weeks septate promyceUa, emerging from the water, produced terminal cylindrical sporidia, 15-25 X 3-5 fji, which gave rise in nutrient media to a richly branched mycelium bearing sporidia on small sporidiophores (Fig. 5/). CHnton (1904) concluded that there is'no reliable basis for distinguishing T. lathyri and other species described in legumes from T.. deformans and an examination of representative material has confirmed this conclusion. T. deformans differs from T. seminis-convolvuli in the larger spore balls composed of more numerous spores. Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Duby) Liro Uredo seminis-convolvuli Duby, Bot. gall., ii, p. 901, 1830. Thecaphora hyalina Fingerhuth, 1836. Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Duby) Liro, Die Ustilagineen Finnlands, p. 59, 1935. Sori in the seeds. Spore mass granular, reddish brown. Spore balls irregularly globose, 10-30 fj. diam., each composed of 3-10 spores. Spores globose, contiguous surfaces flat and smooth, free surfaces rounded and coarsely verrucose, pale yellow, 12-16 (occasionally up to 20) fi diam. (Fig. 8). On Convolvulus arvensis, Calystegia sepium, G. soldanella. Aug.-Sept. Norfolk, Devon, Wilts. Uncommon.
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 81 Exsiccati: Cooke, Fungi. Brit. Exsicc., i, 313; Vize, Micro. Fungi Brit., 45. References have been made to a so-called 'conidial' stage of this smut (Tulasne, 1866; Rostrup, 1898; and others; see Liro, 1938, p. 319). Anthers of infected flowers are described as sessile, white or dirty yellow, and covered with oval, hyaline, unicellular spores. It is suggested that Oloeosporium antherarum Oud. on Calystegia sepium may be the sporidial {'\'-''l 'h •il^Jk"^ state of a Thecaphora (Oudemans, 1898). *•....• *• Spore germination. Woronin (1882) obtained ^ "^ germination during October and November j,^^ g Thecaphora seminis-convolvnli. in two to two and a half weeks using freshly Spore ball. a. Surface view; 6. optical harvested spores from G. arvensis. Older section. x500 spores gave negative results. The promyceUum grew out through a smooth, round, germ pore in the exosporium, became septate, and developed thin branches some of which met and fused in pairs (Fig. 5g). A long hypha grew out from the place of fusion. Thecaphora trailii Cooke Thecaphora trailii Cooke, Orevilha, xi, p. 155, 1883. Poikilosporium trailii (Cooke) Vestergren, 1902. Sari in the inflorescence. Spore mass powdery, purplish brown. Spore balls irregularly globose, 18-35 [i diam., each composed of 2-8 spores. Spores hemispherical or three-sided, contiguous sides flat and smooth, free surface rounded ^ and with reticulations which appear as warts at the circumference, pale yellow, 10-17 /x diam. [Based on the type specimen in Herb. Kew.] On Carduus heterophyllus. Scotland, Braemar, Aug., 1883, J. W. H. Trail (Cooke,,toe. cit.). Spore germination. Unknown. TILLETIACEAB Schroeter, Krypt. Flor. Schles., iii (1), p. 276, 1887 Type: Tilletia Tulasne, Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Ser. 3, pp. 112-13, 1847. Spores exposed at maturity as a powdery^Spore mass or permanently embedded in the host tissues. Spore germination by a non-septate promycelium bearing a group of terminal sporidia or branches (see p. 20). TILLETIA Tulasne, Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Ser. 3, vii, pp. 112-13, 1847. Type: Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. on Triticum vulgare, Europe. Sari usually in the ovaries, less frequently in the leaves. Spore mass powdery. Spores single, medium to large, usually 15-30 fi diam., variously ornamented, frequently intermixed with sterile or immature spores. Spore germination, see p, 83. Differs from Ustilago in the methods of spore formation (see p. 16) and germination.
Page 1 and 2:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI ^ (USTILAGIN
Page 3:
FOREWORD THIS volume was started wh
Page 6 and 7:
6 PBEFACE We also acknowledge the b
Page 9 and 10:
INTRODUCTION THE smut fungi, which
Page 11 and 12:
INTRODUCTION H of bushels of wheat
Page 14 and 15:
FIG. 1. Vstilago avenae on Arrhenat
Page 16:
^^ THE BBITISH SMUT FUNGI Young hea
Page 19 and 20:
BIOLOGY 15 less than the normal, in
Page 21 and 22:
BIOLOGy 17 and united with it, fina
Page 23 and 24:
BIOLOGY 19 eermination in a collect
Page 25 and 26:
BIOLOGY 21 genus, and the manner of
Page 27 and 28:
BIOLOGY 23 species of Entyloma, and
Page 29 and 30:
3036^ BIOLOGY 25 in others. Dickins
Page 31 and 32: CYTOLOGY THE discovery of nuclei in
Page 33 and 34: GENETICS INCOMPATIBILITY KNIEP'S di
Page 35 and 36: GENETICS • 31 direction of growth
Page 37 and 38: GENETICS 35 when a few sporidia fro
Page 39 and 40: GENETICS 37 lines retained their di
Page 41 and 42: TECHNIQUE COLLECTION AND EXAMINATIO
Page 43 and 44: TECHNIQUE 41 be undesirable. Weak a
Page 45 and 46: TECHNIQUE 43 in one season (see p.
Page 47 and 48: TECHNIQUE 45 barley with loose smut
Page 49 and 50: TECHNIQUE 47 (1939), Holton & Heald
Page 51 and 52: TECHNIQUE 49 Allen's, modification
Page 53 and 54: CLASSIFICATION THE morphological ch
Page 55 and 56: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI MOST of the
Page 57 and 58: FIG. 2. Spore geimination in Ustila
Page 59 and 60: THE BRITISH SMUT FUJJGI 57 from one
Page 61 and 62: THE BRITISH SMUT FUKGI 59 of exsert
Page 63 and 64: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 61 noticeabl
Page 65 and 66: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 63 Evidence
Page 67 and 68: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 65 winter in
Page 69 and 70: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 67 Ustilago
Page 71 and 72: THE BRITISH SMUT FUlJGI 69 material
Page 73 and 74: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 71 results o
Page 75 and 76: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 73 TTstilago
Page 77 and 78: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 75 Species i
Page 79 and 80: " TJSE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 77 Ustila
Page 81: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 79 On Carex
Page 85 and 86: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 83 Tilletia
Page 87 and 88: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 85 bunt ball
Page 89 and 90: THE BEITISH SMUT FUNGI 87 globose t
Page 91 and 92: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 89 FIG. 13.
Page 93 and 94: FIG. 15. Spore geimination in Taboi
Page 95 and 96: FIG. 17. Spore germination in Urocy
Page 97 and 98: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 95 separate
Page 99 and 100: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 97 8ori in t
Page 101 and 102: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 99 Urocystis
Page 103 and 104: 30390 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 101 pr
Page 105 and 106: FIG. 20. Spore geimination in Entyl
Page 107 and 108: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 105 Sori in
Page 109 and 110: On Ranunculus ficariae and B. scler
Page 111 and 112: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 109 Infectio
Page 113 and 114: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 111 [Sporidi
Page 115 and 116: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 113 Ustilago
Page 117 and 118: REFEEENCES 115 BBETT, M. A. (1940).
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES 117 ^ DniON WESTON, W. A
Page 121 and 122: REFERENCES 119 GRIFFITHS, MAEIOK A.
Page 123 and 124: REFERENCES 121 HtjTTiG, W. (1933).
Page 125 and 126: REFEBENCES 123 LiMBOtruN, E. J. (19
Page 127 and 128: REFERENCES 125 NOBLE, E. J. (1934).
Page 129 and 130: REFERENCES 127 RoDENHiSEE, H. A., &
Page 131 and 132: BEFERENCES 129 STAKMAK, E. C, XCEEN
Page 133 and 134:
EEFEEENCES 131 WAXTBE, J. M. (1934)
Page 135 and 136:
INDEX to generic and specific names
Page 137 and 138:
Muscari Ustilago vaillantii, 59 Myo
Page 139 and 140:
Ustilago ficuum Reich., 113 —flps
Page 141 and 142:
2i}:y0 ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL
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