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54 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI included in the Ustilaginales. Representatives of 13 genera have been reported in the British Isles. Kerj to Families i a. Palm-Ieaf parasites . . . . . . • i • • Graphiolaceae a. Not palm-leaf parasites . . . . . . . ' . . . . b b. Promyceliiim transversely septate, sporidia lateral . . . Ustilaginaceae b. Promycelium non-septate, sporidia terminal . . • . . Tilletiaceae Key to Oenera of the Ustilaginaceae and Tilletiaceae reported in the British Isles Spores single . . . . . . . . . . . . b Spores in groups . . . . . . . . . . . . i b. Sori embedded in host tissue at maturity . . . . . . . c b. Sori not embedded in host tissue . . . . . . . . e Sori in swellings on roots, on Juncus . . . . . Entorrhiza p. 87 (if on Eleocharis (Scirpus), see Ustilago marina, p. 75) Sori in leaves and stems . . . . . . . . . . d d. Spores dark in colour . . . . . . Melanotaenium p. 100 d. Spores hyaline or light in colour . . . . . Entyloma p. 102 Sori dusty at maturity . . . . . . . . . . . f Sori agglutinated at matiu-ity, on Cyperaceeie . . . . . Ointractia p. 78 f. Sorus-covering a false membrane of fungus cells, on Polygonaceae Sphacelotheca p. 76 f. Sorus-covering, if present, of host tissue . . . . . . . g Spores intermixed with sterile hyphal threads Spores not intermixed with sterile hyphal threads h. Spores large, usually 15-30 /i. diam. . h. Spores small to medium, usually 4^18 /i diam. Spores in twos, on Veronica . . . . Spores in balls . . . . . . j. Spore balls embedded in host tissue at maturity j. Spore balls not embedded in host tissue at maturity Spore balls having a cortex of sterilo cells, on aquatic plants Spore baUs without a cortex of sterile cells, on Primulaceae 1. Spore balls having a cortex of sterile cells 1. Spore balls without a cortex of sterile cells USTILAGINACEAE Schroeter, Krypt. Flor. Schles., iii (1), p. 266, 1887 Tjrpe: Ustilago (Persoon) Roussel, 1806. Farysia p. 75 . h Tilletia p. 81 Ustilago p. 54 Schroeteria p. 88 j . . k 1 Doassansia p. 109 Tuburcinia p. 90 . Urocystia p. 92 Thecaphora p. 80 Spores usually exposed at maturity as a dusty or, less frequently, agglutinated spore mass. Spore germination by a septate promycelium bearing lateral sporidia or branches (see p. 20). USTILAGO (Persoon) Roussel, Flor. Calv., p. 47, 1806 Type: Ustilago segetum Pers. on Gramineae, France.. Synonym: Ustilagidium'SAtTherg, 1895. Sori in various parts of the host, especially the inflorescence. Spore mass powdery, usually dark in colour. Spores single, small to medium, usually 4-18 fj. diam. Spore germination, see p. 20. Differs from Tilletia in the methods of spore formation (see p. 15) and germination.
FIG. 2. Spore geimination in Ustilago. a. U. bistortarum. x 3S0 (Brefeld, 1895); 6. U. grandis. X400 (Brefeld. 1883); c. U. tragopogonis-pratensis. x460 (Tulasne, 1854); d. U. kiiehneana. X350 (Brefeld, 1883); e. U.vaillantii. x 1,200 (Schroeter, 1877);/. U. Imgissima. (Bauch, 1923); g. U. hypodytes (as V. spegazzini and its var. agrestis). X 800 (Fischer & Hirschhom, 1945 b); h. U. striiformis. X 350 and x 735 (Osner, 1916); i. U. bullata. x 400 (Brefeld, 1883); j. U. scabiosae. (Harper, 1899).
Page 1 and 2:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI ^ (USTILAGIN
Page 3:
FOREWORD THIS volume was started wh
Page 6 and 7: 6 PBEFACE We also acknowledge the b
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION THE smut fungi, which
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION H of bushels of wheat
Page 14 and 15: FIG. 1. Vstilago avenae on Arrhenat
Page 16: ^^ THE BBITISH SMUT FUNGI Young hea
Page 19 and 20: BIOLOGY 15 less than the normal, in
Page 21 and 22: BIOLOGy 17 and united with it, fina
Page 23 and 24: BIOLOGY 19 eermination in a collect
Page 25 and 26: BIOLOGY 21 genus, and the manner of
Page 27 and 28: BIOLOGY 23 species of Entyloma, and
Page 29 and 30: 3036^ BIOLOGY 25 in others. Dickins
Page 31 and 32: CYTOLOGY THE discovery of nuclei in
Page 33 and 34: GENETICS INCOMPATIBILITY KNIEP'S di
Page 35 and 36: GENETICS • 31 direction of growth
Page 37 and 38: GENETICS 35 when a few sporidia fro
Page 39 and 40: GENETICS 37 lines retained their di
Page 41 and 42: TECHNIQUE COLLECTION AND EXAMINATIO
Page 43 and 44: TECHNIQUE 41 be undesirable. Weak a
Page 45 and 46: TECHNIQUE 43 in one season (see p.
Page 47 and 48: TECHNIQUE 45 barley with loose smut
Page 49 and 50: TECHNIQUE 47 (1939), Holton & Heald
Page 51 and 52: TECHNIQUE 49 Allen's, modification
Page 53 and 54: CLASSIFICATION THE morphological ch
Page 55: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI MOST of the
Page 59 and 60: THE BRITISH SMUT FUJJGI 57 from one
Page 61 and 62: THE BRITISH SMUT FUKGI 59 of exsert
Page 63 and 64: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 61 noticeabl
Page 65 and 66: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 63 Evidence
Page 67 and 68: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 65 winter in
Page 69 and 70: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 67 Ustilago
Page 71 and 72: THE BRITISH SMUT FUlJGI 69 material
Page 73 and 74: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 71 results o
Page 75 and 76: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 73 TTstilago
Page 77 and 78: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 75 Species i
Page 79 and 80: " TJSE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 77 Ustila
Page 81 and 82: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 79 On Carex
Page 83 and 84: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 81 Exsiccati
Page 85 and 86: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 83 Tilletia
Page 87 and 88: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 85 bunt ball
Page 89 and 90: THE BEITISH SMUT FUNGI 87 globose t
Page 91 and 92: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 89 FIG. 13.
Page 93 and 94: FIG. 15. Spore geimination in Taboi
Page 95 and 96: FIG. 17. Spore germination in Urocy
Page 97 and 98: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 95 separate
Page 99 and 100: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 97 8ori in t
Page 101 and 102: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 99 Urocystis
Page 103 and 104: 30390 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 101 pr
Page 105 and 106: FIG. 20. Spore geimination in Entyl
Page 107 and 108:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 105 Sori in
Page 109 and 110:
On Ranunculus ficariae and B. scler
Page 111 and 112:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 109 Infectio
Page 113 and 114:
THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 111 [Sporidi
Page 115 and 116:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 113 Ustilago
Page 117 and 118:
REFEEENCES 115 BBETT, M. A. (1940).
Page 119 and 120:
REFERENCES 117 ^ DniON WESTON, W. A
Page 121 and 122:
REFERENCES 119 GRIFFITHS, MAEIOK A.
Page 123 and 124:
REFERENCES 121 HtjTTiG, W. (1933).
Page 125 and 126:
REFEBENCES 123 LiMBOtruN, E. J. (19
Page 127 and 128:
REFERENCES 125 NOBLE, E. J. (1934).
Page 129 and 130:
REFERENCES 127 RoDENHiSEE, H. A., &
Page 131 and 132:
BEFERENCES 129 STAKMAK, E. C, XCEEN
Page 133 and 134:
EEFEEENCES 131 WAXTBE, J. M. (1934)
Page 135 and 136:
INDEX to generic and specific names
Page 137 and 138:
Muscari Ustilago vaillantii, 59 Myo
Page 139 and 140:
Ustilago ficuum Reich., 113 —flps
Page 141 and 142:
2i}:y0 ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL
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