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88 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI Entorrhiza aschersoniana (Magn.) Lagerh. Schinzia aschersoniana P. Magnus, Ber. deutsch. hot. Oes.. vi, p. 103, 1888.. Entorrhiza aschersoniana (Ka,^.) Lagerheim, Hedioigia, xxvii, p. 261, (Aug.) 1888. I Bori in swellings of the roots, 3 mm. diam. and up to l' cm. long. Spcn-e mass cream-coloured, then light- brown, granular. Spores elliptical, thick-walled,yellow-brown, coarsely verrucose, 17-20 X15-17/x . (Fig. 12). [No British material examined.] Sporidia sickle-shaped, 5-10 X-2-3 fi. On Juncus bufonius, nr. Aberdeen, Scotland (Trail, Scot. Naturalist, N.S., vi, p. 241, 1884; Ann. Scot. nat. Hist., No. 47, p. 188,1903). FIG. 12. Entorrhiza ascher- This, or allied species, have also been reported Spores. X500. (Rabenh., ^^ '^• squarrosus and J. uligmosus, nr. Glasgow Fungi Europ. 3902.) (Cameron, Proc. Trans, nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, N.S., i, p. 299, 1886, as E. cypericola), and on J. articukitus (Trail (1903) loc. cit., as E. digitata; Schwartz (1910), as E. cypericola) but in the absence of specimens the identity of the species involved must remain in doubt. Spore germination is not weU known. Weber (1884) germinated spores which had been overwintered in moist sand out of doors in water at 10° C. during February, and stated that in nature germination occurs in early May. The spores formed one to four septate hyphae from the apices of which solitary sickle-shaped sporidia developed. Brefeld (1912), who doubted the relationship between Entorrhiza and the Ustilaginales, stated that on germination richly branched hyphae produced long, pointed conidia in basipetal succession on sterigmata as in Acrostalagmus. The conidia germinated and repeated the process. Schwartz (1910) who made observations on the development of the chlamydospores was unable to induce them to germinate. ScHEOETEEiA Winter, Rabenh. Krypt. Flor., i (1), p. 117, 1881 Type: Schroeteria delastrina (Tul.) Winter on Veronicapraecox, Poictiers, France. Synonym: Oeminella Schroeter, 1869 [non Turpin]. Sori in the seed capsules of species of Veronica. Spore mass dark coloured. Spores in pairs. Spore germination, see p. 89. Schroeteria delastrina (Tul.) Wint. Thecaphora delastrina Tulasne, Ann. Sci. nat.„Bot.,SGv. 3, p. 108, 1847. Geminella delastrina (Tul.) Schroeter, 1869. Schroeteria delastrina (Tul.) Winter, Rabenh. Krypt. Flor., i (1), p. 117, 1881. Sori in the seed capsules. Spore mass granular, at first grey-green, later dark grey. Spores in twos, or, less frequently, single, globose when single, flattened on side of contact when one of a pair, tinted grey-green, thin-walled, verrucose, 9-12 /i diam. (Fig. 14).
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 89 FIG. 13. Spoie geimination in Schioeteria. a. S. delastrina. x200 (Brefeld, 1883); 6. S. delastrinaT X 340 (Cocooni, 1898). On Veronica arvensis. Norfolk (Fakenham, June, 1889, Plowright, Trans. Brit, mycol. Soc, i, p. 60, 1899; BrundaU, 21 June, 1945, E. A. Ellis); Oxon. (Peppard Common, May, 1943, L. E. Hawker, ibid, xxvii, p. 48,1944 [Herb. I.M.I. 32336]). Spore germination. Schroeter (1877) germinated spores from Veronica arvensis. Only one of the paired spores produced a germ-tube. Three days after sowing this was 2-5 /x thick and about five times the diameter of the spore in length, septate, and usually branched. Eggshaped sporidia (5-6 X 3 ft) were formed at the end of the promycelium. Brefeld (1883) illustrated the germiuation of 12 pairs of spores (from Veronica arvensis or V. triphyllosl). Sometimes both spores germinated. The promycelia were septate, relatively long, of uniform thickness, and nearly spherical sporidia developed in a chain from the apex (Fig. 13 a). Winter (1876) figured a promycelium with one short side branch and one longer, septate ^filament bearing FIG. 14. Schroeteria delastrina. Spores. X500. three apical branches. Cocconi (1898) investigated the form (described as var. reticulata) on Veronica praecox. In some spores the germ-tube formed a much-branched mycelium, in others round, sporidia developed basipetaUy in chains on a simple or forked promyceUum. One spore was figured with a terminal crown of short branches as described by Winter (Fig. 13 6). The related Schroeteria decaisneana from Veronica hederifolia was described and figured by Schroeter (1877). A peculiar feature of this species was the flaskshaped promycelium (width 3-4 /u. at base) from the neck of which developed a succession of globular sporidia (2-5-3 /x). These sometimes remained in a chain of four to seven. Their subsequent behaviour was not determined.
Page 1 and 2:
THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI ^ (USTILAGIN
Page 3:
FOREWORD THIS volume was started wh
Page 6 and 7:
6 PBEFACE We also acknowledge the b
Page 9 and 10:
INTRODUCTION THE smut fungi, which
Page 11 and 12:
INTRODUCTION H of bushels of wheat
Page 14 and 15:
FIG. 1. Vstilago avenae on Arrhenat
Page 16:
^^ THE BBITISH SMUT FUNGI Young hea
Page 19 and 20:
BIOLOGY 15 less than the normal, in
Page 21 and 22:
BIOLOGy 17 and united with it, fina
Page 23 and 24:
BIOLOGY 19 eermination in a collect
Page 25 and 26:
BIOLOGY 21 genus, and the manner of
Page 27 and 28:
BIOLOGY 23 species of Entyloma, and
Page 29 and 30:
3036^ BIOLOGY 25 in others. Dickins
Page 31 and 32:
CYTOLOGY THE discovery of nuclei in
Page 33 and 34:
GENETICS INCOMPATIBILITY KNIEP'S di
Page 35 and 36:
GENETICS • 31 direction of growth
Page 37 and 38:
GENETICS 35 when a few sporidia fro
Page 39 and 40: GENETICS 37 lines retained their di
Page 41 and 42: TECHNIQUE COLLECTION AND EXAMINATIO
Page 43 and 44: TECHNIQUE 41 be undesirable. Weak a
Page 45 and 46: TECHNIQUE 43 in one season (see p.
Page 47 and 48: TECHNIQUE 45 barley with loose smut
Page 49 and 50: TECHNIQUE 47 (1939), Holton & Heald
Page 51 and 52: TECHNIQUE 49 Allen's, modification
Page 53 and 54: CLASSIFICATION THE morphological ch
Page 55 and 56: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI MOST of the
Page 57 and 58: FIG. 2. Spore geimination in Ustila
Page 59 and 60: THE BRITISH SMUT FUJJGI 57 from one
Page 61 and 62: THE BRITISH SMUT FUKGI 59 of exsert
Page 63 and 64: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 61 noticeabl
Page 65 and 66: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 63 Evidence
Page 67 and 68: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 65 winter in
Page 69 and 70: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 67 Ustilago
Page 71 and 72: THE BRITISH SMUT FUlJGI 69 material
Page 73 and 74: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 71 results o
Page 75 and 76: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 73 TTstilago
Page 77 and 78: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 75 Species i
Page 79 and 80: " TJSE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 77 Ustila
Page 81 and 82: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 79 On Carex
Page 83 and 84: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 81 Exsiccati
Page 85 and 86: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 83 Tilletia
Page 87 and 88: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 85 bunt ball
Page 89: THE BEITISH SMUT FUNGI 87 globose t
Page 93 and 94: FIG. 15. Spore geimination in Taboi
Page 95 and 96: FIG. 17. Spore germination in Urocy
Page 97 and 98: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 95 separate
Page 99 and 100: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 97 8ori in t
Page 101 and 102: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 99 Urocystis
Page 103 and 104: 30390 THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 101 pr
Page 105 and 106: FIG. 20. Spore geimination in Entyl
Page 107 and 108: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 105 Sori in
Page 109 and 110: On Ranunculus ficariae and B. scler
Page 111 and 112: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 109 Infectio
Page 113 and 114: THE BKITISH SMUT FUNGI 111 [Sporidi
Page 115 and 116: THE BRITISH SMUT FUNGI 113 Ustilago
Page 117 and 118: REFEEENCES 115 BBETT, M. A. (1940).
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES 117 ^ DniON WESTON, W. A
Page 121 and 122: REFERENCES 119 GRIFFITHS, MAEIOK A.
Page 123 and 124: REFERENCES 121 HtjTTiG, W. (1933).
Page 125 and 126: REFEBENCES 123 LiMBOtruN, E. J. (19
Page 127 and 128: REFERENCES 125 NOBLE, E. J. (1934).
Page 129 and 130: REFERENCES 127 RoDENHiSEE, H. A., &
Page 131 and 132: BEFERENCES 129 STAKMAK, E. C, XCEEN
Page 133 and 134: EEFEEENCES 131 WAXTBE, J. M. (1934)
Page 135 and 136: INDEX to generic and specific names
Page 137 and 138: Muscari Ustilago vaillantii, 59 Myo
Page 139 and 140: Ustilago ficuum Reich., 113 —flps
Page 141 and 142:
2i}:y0 ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL
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