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Nurse's Pocket Guide

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isk for CONSTIPATION<br />

Inadequate dentition or oral hygiene<br />

Decreased motility of gastrointestinal tract<br />

PHARMACOLOGICAL<br />

Phenothiazides; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; sedatives;<br />

aluminum-containing antacids; laxative overuse; bismuth<br />

salts; iron salts; anticholinergics; antidepressants;<br />

anticonvulsants; antilipemic agents; calcium channel blockers;<br />

calcium carbonate; diuretics; sympathomimetics; opiates<br />

MECHANICAL<br />

Hemorrhoids; pregnancy; obesity<br />

Rectal abscess/ulcer; rectal anal stricture/fissures; rectal<br />

prolapse; rectocele<br />

Prostate enlargement; postsurgical obstruction<br />

Neurological impairment; Hirschsprung’s disease; tumors<br />

Electrolyte imbalance<br />

NOTE: A risk diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms, as<br />

the problem has not occurred and nursing interventions are<br />

directed at prevention.<br />

Desired Outcomes/Evaluation<br />

Criteria—Client Will:<br />

• Maintain usual pattern of bowel functioning.<br />

• Verbalize understanding of risk factors and appropriate interventions/solutions<br />

related to individual situation.<br />

• Demonstrate behaviors or lifestyle changes to prevent developing<br />

problem.<br />

Actions/Interventions<br />

NURSING PRIORITY NO.1.To identify individual risk factors/needs:<br />

• Review medical/surgical/social history (e.g., altered cognition;<br />

metabolic, endocrine, or neurological disorders; certain medications;<br />

surgery; bowel disorders [e.g., irritable bowel syndrome,<br />

intestinal obstructions or tumors, hemorrhoids/rectal bleeding];<br />

pregnancy; advanced age; weakness/debilitation; conditions<br />

associated with immobility; recent travel; stressors/<br />

changes in lifestyle; depression) to identify conditions commonly<br />

associated with constipation.<br />

• Auscultate abdomen for presence, location, and characteristics<br />

of bowel sounds reflecting bowel activity.<br />

Information in brackets added by the authors to clarify and enhance<br />

the use of nursing diagnoses.<br />

202 Cultural Collaborative Community/Home Care

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