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Nurse's Pocket Guide

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ineffective TISSUE PERFUSION<br />

Related Factors<br />

Hypervolemia; hypovolemia<br />

Interruption of blood flow<br />

Decreased hemoglobin concentration in blood; enzyme<br />

poisoning<br />

Altered affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen; impaired transport<br />

of oxygen<br />

Mismatch of ventilation with blood flow; exchange problems<br />

Hypoventilation<br />

Defining Characteristics<br />

SUBJECTIVE<br />

Cardiopulmonary<br />

Chest pain<br />

Dyspnea<br />

Sense of “impending doom”<br />

Gastrointestinal<br />

Nausea<br />

Abdominal pain or tenderness<br />

Peripheral<br />

Claudication<br />

OBJECTIVE<br />

Renal<br />

Altered blood pressure outside of acceptable parameters<br />

Oliguria; anuria; hematuria<br />

Elevation in BUN/creatine ratio<br />

Cerebral<br />

Altered mental status; speech abnormalities<br />

Behavioral changes; [restlessness]<br />

Changes in motor response; extremity weakness; paralysis<br />

Changes in pupillary reactions<br />

Difficulty in swallowing<br />

Cardiopulmonary<br />

Arrhythmias<br />

Capillary refill >3 sec<br />

Altered respiratory rate outside of acceptable parameters<br />

Use of accessory muscles; chest retraction; nasal flaring<br />

Bronchospasms<br />

Abnormal arterial blood gases<br />

[Hemoptysis]<br />

Information in brackets added by the authors to clarify and enhance<br />

the use of nursing diagnoses.<br />

706 Cultural Collaborative Community/Home Care

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