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full Paper - Nguyen Dang Binh

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training opportunities. During the project other potential applications<br />

for visually impaired people were also identi£ed<br />

in several areas: Employment enhancing applications (editing<br />

wave £les, painting tool, CAD systems, interior design<br />

tools, ³E), Educational applications (Teaching Mathematics,<br />

Physics, geography, art history, ³E), Applications that increase<br />

social inclusion and independence (building maps, traf£c environment,<br />

virtual museum, games,..)<br />

6. Acknowledgments<br />

The activities described in this paper have been carried out<br />

in collaboration and with the help of the GRAB consortium<br />

composed of three European user group: the National<br />

Council of Blind of Ireland (NCBI), The Royal National<br />

Institute for Blind (RNIB) and the Spanish organization of<br />

Blind people (ONCE- Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles);<br />

two technical developers: PERCRO and Fundación<br />

LABEIN; and one commercial partner: Haptica LtD. The<br />

authors are grateful the whole consortium for their contribution<br />

in the development of the activities. The activities of<br />

this project have been carried on with the £nancial assistance<br />

of the EU which co-funded the project GRAB: ”Computer<br />

Graphics access for blind people through a Haptic virtual<br />

environment”- IST-2000-26151 (www.grab-eu.com) . The<br />

authors are grateful to the EU for the support given in carrying<br />

on these activities.<br />

7. References<br />

[1] Appelle S. 1991. Haptic perception of form: Activity and<br />

stimulus attributes, In Heller M, Schiff W (eds). The Psychology<br />

of Touch, pp 169-188. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates<br />

Inc.,Hillsdale, NJ, USA.<br />

[2] Jansson G., J. Faenger, H. Konig, K. Billberger, 1998. Visually<br />

Impaired Persons’ Use of the PHANToM for Information<br />

About Texture and 3D Form of Virtual Objects, PHAN-<br />

ToM Users Group Workshop<br />

[3] Penn P., H. Petrie, C. Colwell, D. Kornbrot, S. Furner,<br />

A. Hardwick, 2000. The Haptic Perception of Texture in Virtual<br />

Environments: An Investigation with Two Devices, Haptic<br />

HCI.<br />

[4] Fritz JP, K. E. Barner, 1999. Design of a Haptic Data<br />

Visualization System for People with Visual Impairments,<br />

IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 7, no.<br />

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[5] Fernández J.L., Muñoz J.A., Gutiérrez T., Barbero J.I.,<br />

Carrillo A, Mendikoa I., 1999. Haptic Virtual Reality Applications<br />

for Blind people, ”Revista Integración” magazine,<br />

vol. 29 pp. 5-11.<br />

[6] Sjöström C.,1999. The IT Potential of Haptics - touch<br />

access for people with disabilities, Licentiate thesis.<br />

Massimo Bergamasco / Future trends and Applications, Medicine<br />

57<br />

[7] Van Scoy F.L., T. Kawai, M. Darrah, C. Rash, 2000. Haptic<br />

Display of Mathematical Functions for Teaching Mathematics<br />

to Students with Vision Disabilities: Design and<br />

Proof of Concept, Haptic HCI.<br />

[8] Yu W., S.A Brewster, 2002. Comparing Two Haptic<br />

Interfaces for Multimodal Graph Rendering, proceedings<br />

of IEEE VR2002, 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces<br />

for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (Haptics<br />

2002).<br />

[9] Yu, W. and Brewster, S.A. (2003) Evaluation of Multimodal<br />

Graphs for Blind People, To appear in Journal of<br />

Universal Access in the Information Society<br />

[10] Vitense,H.S.; Jacko,J.A.; Emery,V.K., Foundation for<br />

improved interaction by individuals with visual impairments<br />

through multimodal feedback, Universal-Access-inthe-Information-Society.<br />

Nov. 2002; 2(1): 76-87, Springer-<br />

Verlag<br />

[11] Magnusson C., K. Rassmus-Gröhn, C.Sjöström, H.<br />

Danielsson 2002. Navigation and recognition in complex<br />

haptic virtual environments - reports from an extensive study<br />

with blind users, submitted to Eurohaptics.<br />

[12] Lécuyer A., Mobuchon P., Mégard C., Perret J., Andriot<br />

C.and Colinot J.P., 2003. HOMERE: a Multimodal System<br />

for Visually Impaired People to Explore Virtual Environments,<br />

IEEE Int. Conf. on Virtual Reality, Los-Angeles, US,<br />

2003<br />

[13] Magennis, M. et Al, 2003. GRAB - A new haptic and<br />

audio virtual environment enabling vision impaired people<br />

to access the three dimensional computer graphic world,<br />

(TBP) Advancement of Assistive Technology in Europe<br />

(AAATE) 2003, Dublin, Ireland<br />

[14] Van Scoy F.L., V. Baker, C. Gingold, E. Martino,<br />

D. Burton, 1999. Mobility Training using a Haptic Interface:<br />

Initial Plans, Fourth Annual PHANTOM Users Group<br />

(PUG99).<br />

[15] Wood J., Magennis M., Cano E., Graupp H., Gutiérrez<br />

T & Bergamasco M, 2003. The design and Evaluation of a<br />

Computer Game for Blind in the GRAB Haptic Audio Virtual<br />

Environment, (Eurohaptics 2003).<br />

[16] Magnusson C., K. Rassmus-Gröhn, 2003. Non-visual<br />

Zoom and Scrolling Operations in a Virtual Haptic Environment,<br />

EuroHaptics.<br />

[17] Colwell, C., Petrie, H., Kornbrot, D., Hardwick, A., and<br />

Furner, S. (1999) Haptic Virtual Reality for Blind Computer<br />

Users, Proceedings of The Third International ACM Conference<br />

on Assistive Technologies, 1998<br />

[18] Jansson, G. and Billberger, K. (1999) The Phantom used<br />

c○ The Eurographics Association 2005.

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