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without visual guidance, Proceedings of the £rst Phantom users research symposium (PURS99) [19] Jansson, G., Billberger, K., Petrie, H., Colwell, C., Kornbrot, D., Fanger, K., Konig, H., Hardwick, A. and Furner, S. (1999) Haptic Virtual Environments for Blind People: Exploratory Experiments with Two Devices, International Journal of Virtual Reality, 4, 10-20 (1999) [20] Jansson, G., Bergamasco, M. & Frisoli, A. (2002) Tactual exploration of 3D works of art at museums. Abstract Book, Vision 2002, The 7th International Conference on Low Vision, 21-25 July 2002, Göteborg, Sweden, p.45 (Abstract). Full paper to be published in Vision Impairment Research. c○ The Eurographics Association 2005. Massimo Bergamasco / Future trends and Applications, Medicine 58
EUROGRAPHICS 2005 Tutorial 1. abstract Haptic Interfaces:Collocation and Coherence Issues Multi-modality, collocation and immersive VE nowadays represents the break-trough barrier of human computer interaction. Typical VE systems synthesize the information to be presented to the user by means of different algorithms and present them using different interfaces. On the other hand the human perceptive system is strongly integrated and “fatigues” to interpret these stimuli as belonging to a unique information source. Collocation and coherence issues may be noticed in any kind of multimodal integration: “visual and audio”, “visual and vestibular”, “audio and haptic”, “visual and haptic”,... The present paper deals with two speci£c kinds of multimodal integration: “visual and haptic” and “haptic and haptic”. The coherence problem of synchronizing several haptic devices is analyzed and an optimized solution is proposed. The proposed solution has been tested on a dual point HI, behaving a wide workspace realized at PERCRO. More speci£cally the present paper will present a novel algorithm to achieve the absolute coordination of multiple HI working in the same VE. The system performances have been assessed and compared to those of existing solutions. The achieved results have been exploited for the EU project GRAB † . The GRAB project investigates to which extent a purely haptic environment can be employed from sightless users. Index Terms - Haptic Interface; coherence. 2. Introduction Visual Display Terminal technologies (VDT) i.e. screen, keyboard and mouse, represent the most spread systems for the human computer interaction (HCI). Such technologies are the classical example of non-collocated and non- † The GRAB project has been carried on within the 5th framework program of the EU. The IST and the European Union are acknowledged for their grants in sustaining the GRAB research. c○ The Eurographics Association 2005. C.A. Avizzano, S. Marcheschi, M. Bergamasco Superiore S. Anna, Pisa, Italy 59 Figure 1: Collocation & Coherence in multipoint HI coherent systems. Collocated feedback required that the information is produced (or given) in the place where the generating action are exerted. Coherent feedback is more related to timing and physical aspects of the interaction and implies that the given feedback is strictly related to the generating action (Fig. 1). Almost all the experiences the user probes in a real world have these two key elements, but the HCI interaction introduces the possibility of altering them. As shown in the scienti£c literature, the missing of these two factors implies that the user brain has to compensate for them resulting in a sort of “mental load” which varies largely according to the application. When the multimodal integration is very strong, as for as the case of vestibular and visual information (typical in vehicle simulator), the presence of incoherent feedback may cause also several physical sickness. Therefore, mouse, video and keyboard are not the optimal way for interacting with computers. In the case of VDT, the popularity of these interfaces is ensured by the fact that the associated mental load is very low because very low is the information content associated to the interaction. This is no more true whenever the degree of interaction between user and computer increases to higher complexities or includes different perceptive channels.
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EUROGRAPHICS 2005 Tutorial Multimod
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EUROGRAPHICS 2005 Tutorial Abstract
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