Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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formance burning plasmas are covered by two thrusts, with Thrust 8 focusing on the new challenges of dominantly self-heated core burning plasmas, and Thrust 12, joint with Theme 3, assessing integrated solutions of sustained core plasmas with demo-level heat fluxes. due to its critical importance, multiple Thrusts also address the issue of avoiding transient events. Thrust 2 focuses on issues and solutions for disruptions and elms relevant to iteR, while Thrust 5 addresses the even greater challenges, and broader range of potential solutions, for steady-state, higher performance plasmas. Fast particle loss events, given their strong connection to alpha physics, are treated in Thrust 3. activities to assess issues and solutions involving stellarator geometries are in Thrust 17, led by Theme 5, while novel PFcs that may better tolerate transient events will be developed and assessed in Theme 3, Thrust 11, and integrated in Thrust 12, which is joint with Theme 3. The ways in which the issues covered in this chapter will be addressed by proposed activities of the Research needs Workshop are discussed in the descriptions of all of the Thrusts in the table, found in Part ii of this Report (Thrusts 6-10). 116
suggesTions for furTher reading 1. “Priorities, Gaps and Opportunities: Towards A Long-Range Strategic Plan for Magnetic Fusion Energy” Report to FESAC Oct 2007, chaired by M. Greenwald. 2. Final Report–Workshop on Burning Plasma Science: Exploring the Fusion Science Frontier (Fusion energy sciences advisory committee, 2000). http://fire.pppl.gov/ufa_bp_wkshp. html 3. Burning Plasma: Bringing a Star to Earth (national academy of science, 2004). 4. Plasma Science: Advancing knowledge in the national interest, Plasma 2010 committee, Plasma science committee, national Research council (national academies Press, 2007). 5. c. Gormezono et al, Progress in the ITER Physics Basis, Chapter 6: Steady state operation, nuc Fus. 47 (2007) s285. 6. F. najmabadi and the aries team, “Overview of ARIES-RS tokamak fusion power plant,” Fusion Engineering and Design 41 (1998) 365-370, and other articles in this issue. 7. F. najmabadi and the aries team, “The ARIES-AT advanced tokamak, Advanced technology fusion power plant,” Fusion engineering and design 80 (2006) 3-23, and other articles in this issue. 117
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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Page 72 and 73: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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Page 86 and 87: The barrier gradient is generally l
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Page 108 and 109: Research Requirements for Electron
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Page 116 and 117: R&D Strategy a number of critical t
Page 120 and 121: CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
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Page 124 and 125: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
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Page 138 and 139: Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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Page 142 and 143: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
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Page 150 and 151: gaps: need to select and test the t
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harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
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168
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
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Figure 1. Configuration space for t
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of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
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• Reduction of spheromak magnetic
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ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
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esearch requirements • evaluate t
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the banana regime, low turbulent tr
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in stellarator discharges with ohmi
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• investigate how demountable coi
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tion using a central solenoid is al
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functions, edge flows, and edge neu
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Development of predictive capabilit
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Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
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theory predictions for alfvén inst
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coils, to permit replacement of the
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stand the relative roles of long-to
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Table 1. 202
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primarily electrostatic, in the cas
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to be important in present experime
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PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
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calized field errors that can cause
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needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
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Scientific Issues and research requ
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esearch requirements new facilities
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small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
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connections Between Research Requir
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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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3) as planning matures for the rese
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that have high impact, that benefit
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could have an impact on the identif
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The Us fusion program is well posit
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Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
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elevant plasmas for very long pulse
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and stability, and mitigation requi
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• control alpha heating feedback
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heavy ion beam probes (already in u
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alpha particles (ash removal). mode
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• determine minimum heating power
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Research should focus on developing
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estal structure need to be coupled
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• sufficient heating with little
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Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
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Demonstrate active control of the p
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Demonstrate burn control and contro
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Develop the means for and demonstra
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Medium-term: Test and optimize full
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• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
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to carry out the validation program
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and new devices could be designed w
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• high-field sc magnets for stead
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Element 2 — High current conducto
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Element 7 — integration of conduc
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many other scientific fields are be
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• based on these assessments, pro
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systems include neutral beams, ion
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The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
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300
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• design and implement innovation
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the controlling instabilities and s
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cross-field transport in the pedest
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The modeling of near-surface plasma
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• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
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ties that take advantage of simple
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ased materials development with adv
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introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
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technology is now evolving to inclu
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The elements of a thrust to develop
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The plasma facing components in a d
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
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• develop new diagnostics for int
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• increase sustained noninductive
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Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
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The key areas in which new knowledg
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• exploration of high-temperature
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• availability of high-power radi
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378
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• study FRc stability at small io
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techniques for integrated data anal
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4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
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aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
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14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
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tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
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43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
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tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
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39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
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don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
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GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
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tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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