Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTion tHEME MEMbERS sTellaraTor panel david andeRson, University of Wisconsin-madison (Panel leader) JeFF FReidbeRG, massachusetts institute of technology JeFF haRRis, oak Ridge national laboratory chRis heGna, University of Wisconsin-madison stePhen knoWlton, auburn University michael maUel, columbia University allan Reiman, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory andReW WaRe, University of montana haRold WeitzneR, new york University spheriCal Torus panel steven sabbaGh, columbia University (Panel leader) nikolai GoRelenkov, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory chRis heGna, University of Wisconsin-madison michael kotschenReUtheR, The University of texas at austin dick maJeski, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Jon menaRd, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory maRtin PenG, oak Ridge national laboratory aaRon sontaG, oak Ridge national laboratory vlad soUkhanovskii, lawrence livermore national laboratory daniel stUtman, Johns hopkins University reVersed field pinCh panel hantao Ji, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory (Panel leader) bRett chaPman, University of Wisconsin-madison daniel den haRtoG, University of Wisconsin-madison Gennady Fiksel, University of Wisconsin-madison PieRo maRtin, conzorzio RFX FaRRokh naJmabadi, University of california-san diego steWaRt PRaGeR, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory caRl sovinec, University of Wisconsin-madison 228
CompaCT Torus panel bick hooPeR, lawrence livermore national laboratory (Panel leader) elena belova, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory michael bRoWn, swarthmore college sam cohen, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory alan hoFFman, University of Washington-seattle scott hsU, los alamos national laboratory thomas intRatoR, los alamos national laboratory thomas JaRboe, University of Washington-seattle RichaRd milRoy, University of Washington-seattle michael schaFFeR, General atomics caRl sovinec, University of Wisconsin-madison XianzhU tanG, los alamos national laboratory simon WoodRUFF, Woodruff scientific, inc. masaaki yamada, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory researCh ThrusT CoordinaTors Thrust 16 – Develop the spherical torus to advance fusion nuclear science. dick maJeski, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Thrust 17 – Optimize steady-state disruption-free toroidal confinement using 3-D magnetic shaping, and emphasizing quasi-symmetry principles. stePhen knoWlton, auburn University Thrust 18 – Achieve high-performance toroidal confinement using minimal externally applied magnetic field. caRl sovinec, University of Wisconsin-madison Theme leaders John saRFF, University of Wisconsin-madison, chair michael zaRnstoRFF, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory, vice chair sam baRish, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy 229
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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increasing power density and pulse
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of recent accomplishments that have
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ity limits have been maintained. in
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highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
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field and temperature fluctuations
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large-scale process control problem
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tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
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These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
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Research Requirements for Electron
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the launcher design is partly “tr
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tunities and goals for a few of the
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front layers of the field magnets c
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R&D Strategy a number of critical t
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formance burning plasmas are covere
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CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
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magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
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to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
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longer than the (solid) thermal equ
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Promising new ideas have been devel
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to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
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• liquid surface PFc operation in
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integrated effort that includes fun
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Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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138
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
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trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
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Safety and Environment • developm
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plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
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gaps: need to select and test the t
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• neutron and other radiation tra
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emphasis on modeling and expertise
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gap: Current understanding of stren
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Research needs critical research ne
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• Proposing integrated safety des
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• techniques and instruments to a
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Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
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• developing the design of an eff
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harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
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168
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
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Figure 1. Configuration space for t
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of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
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• Reduction of spheromak magnetic
Page 180 and 181: ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
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Page 184 and 185: the banana regime, low turbulent tr
Page 186 and 187: in stellarator discharges with ohmi
Page 188 and 189: • investigate how demountable coi
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Page 192 and 193: functions, edge flows, and edge neu
Page 194 and 195: Development of predictive capabilit
Page 196 and 197: Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
Page 198 and 199: theory predictions for alfvén inst
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Page 210 and 211: PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
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Page 214 and 215: needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
Page 216 and 217: Scientific Issues and research requ
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Page 222 and 223: tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
Page 224 and 225: esearch requirements analysis of ne
Page 226 and 227: nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
Page 228 and 229: connections Between Research Requir
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Page 238 and 239: Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
Page 240 and 241: 3) as planning matures for the rese
Page 242 and 243: that have high impact, that benefit
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Page 248 and 249: Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
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Page 254 and 255: • control alpha heating feedback
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Page 260 and 261: • determine minimum heating power
Page 262 and 263: Research should focus on developing
Page 264 and 265: estal structure need to be coupled
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Page 268 and 269: Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
Page 270 and 271: Demonstrate active control of the p
Page 272 and 273: Demonstrate burn control and contro
Page 274 and 275: Develop the means for and demonstra
Page 276 and 277: Medium-term: Test and optimize full
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• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
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to carry out the validation program
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and new devices could be designed w
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• high-field sc magnets for stead
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Element 2 — High current conducto
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Element 7 — integration of conduc
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many other scientific fields are be
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• based on these assessments, pro
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systems include neutral beams, ion
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The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
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300
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• design and implement innovation
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the controlling instabilities and s
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cross-field transport in the pedest
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The modeling of near-surface plasma
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310
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• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
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ties that take advantage of simple
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ased materials development with adv
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introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
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technology is now evolving to inclu
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The elements of a thrust to develop
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The plasma facing components in a d
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
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• develop new diagnostics for int
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• increase sustained noninductive
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368
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Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
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The key areas in which new knowledg
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• exploration of high-temperature
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• availability of high-power radi
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378
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• study FRc stability at small io
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techniques for integrated data anal
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4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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388
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
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aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
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14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
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tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
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43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
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tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
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39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
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don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
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GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
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tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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