Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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don coRRell, lawrence livermore national laboratory michael cRisP, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy ben cRoss, savannah River national laboratory Rostom daGazian, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy daniel den haRtoG, University of Wisconsin–madison RUss doeRneR, University of california, san diego William d. doRland, University of maryland–college Park steve eckstRand, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy laila el-GUebaly, University of Wisconsin–madison John FeRRon, General atomics Gennady Fiksel, University of Wisconsin–madison michael Finkenthal, Johns hopkins University catheRine FioRe, massachusetts institute of technology maRk FosteR, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy eRic FRedRickson, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory JeFF FReidbeRG, massachusetts institute of technology andRea GaRaFalo, General atomics david Gates, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory t.v. GeoRGe, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy nasR Ghoniem, University of california, los angeles John GloWienka, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy John Goetz, University of Wisconsin–madison Rob Goldston, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory nikolai GoRelenkov, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory michael GoUGe, oak Ridge national laboratory bob GRanetz, massachusetts institute of technology chaRles GReenField, General atomics maRtin GReenWald, massachusetts institute of technology laRRy GRisham, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory JeFF haRRis, oak Ridge national laboratory adil hassam, University of maryland–college Park RichaRd haWRylUk, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory maRk haynes, General atomics RichaRd hazeltine, The University of texas at austin chRis heGna, University of Wisconsin–madison david hill, lawrence livermore national laboratory don hillis, oak Ridge national laboratory 414
alan hoFFman, University of Washington–seattle bick hooPeR, lawrence livermore national laboratory JeFF hoy, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy scott hsU, los alamos national laboratory amanda hUbbaRd, massachusetts institute of technology JeRRy hUGhes, massachusetts institute of technology david hUmPhReys, General atomics thomas intRatoR, los alamos national laboratory Jim iRby, massachusetts institute of technology valeRie izzo, University of california, san diego thomas JaRboe, University of Washington–seattle hantao Ji, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory david W. Johnson, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory chaRles kessel, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Jim klein, savannah River national laboratory steve knoWlton, auburn University koFi koRsah, oak Ridge national laboratory michael kotschenReUtheR, The University of texas at austin aRnold kRitz, lehigh University Rick kURtz, Pacific northwest national laboratory bRian labombaRd, massachusetts institute of technology Rob lahaye, General atomics david laRbalestieR, Florida state University tony leonaRd, General atomics Ramon J. leePeR, sandia national laboratories/Fesac Jim leUeR, General atomics RUlon linFoRd, (Retired)/Fesac bRUce liPschUltz, massachusetts institute of technology RaJesh mainGi, oak Ridge national laboratory dick maJeski, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory John mandRekas, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy Jim maRa, savannah River national laboratory daRlene maRkevich, office of Fusion energy sciences, Us department of energy eaRl maRmaR, massachusetts institute of technology PieRo maRtin, conzorzio RFX michael maUel, columbia University haRRy mcclean, lawrence livermore national laboratory 415
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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increasing power density and pulse
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of recent accomplishments that have
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ity limits have been maintained. in
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highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
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field and temperature fluctuations
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large-scale process control problem
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tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
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These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
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Research Requirements for Electron
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the launcher design is partly “tr
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tunities and goals for a few of the
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front layers of the field magnets c
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R&D Strategy a number of critical t
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formance burning plasmas are covere
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CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
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magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
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to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
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longer than the (solid) thermal equ
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Promising new ideas have been devel
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to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
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• liquid surface PFc operation in
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integrated effort that includes fun
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Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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138
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
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trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
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Safety and Environment • developm
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plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
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gaps: need to select and test the t
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• neutron and other radiation tra
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emphasis on modeling and expertise
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gap: Current understanding of stren
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Research needs critical research ne
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• Proposing integrated safety des
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• techniques and instruments to a
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Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
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• developing the design of an eff
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harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
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168
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
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Figure 1. Configuration space for t
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of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
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• Reduction of spheromak magnetic
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ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
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esearch requirements • evaluate t
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the banana regime, low turbulent tr
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in stellarator discharges with ohmi
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• investigate how demountable coi
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tion using a central solenoid is al
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functions, edge flows, and edge neu
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Development of predictive capabilit
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Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
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theory predictions for alfvén inst
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coils, to permit replacement of the
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stand the relative roles of long-to
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Table 1. 202
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primarily electrostatic, in the cas
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to be important in present experime
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PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
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calized field errors that can cause
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needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
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Scientific Issues and research requ
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esearch requirements new facilities
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small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
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connections Between Research Requir
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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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230
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232
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234
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Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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3) as planning matures for the rese
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that have high impact, that benefit
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could have an impact on the identif
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The Us fusion program is well posit
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Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
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elevant plasmas for very long pulse
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and stability, and mitigation requi
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• control alpha heating feedback
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heavy ion beam probes (already in u
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alpha particles (ash removal). mode
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• determine minimum heating power
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Research should focus on developing
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estal structure need to be coupled
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• sufficient heating with little
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Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
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Demonstrate active control of the p
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Demonstrate burn control and contro
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Develop the means for and demonstra
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Medium-term: Test and optimize full
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276
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• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
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to carry out the validation program
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and new devices could be designed w
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• high-field sc magnets for stead
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Element 2 — High current conducto
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Element 7 — integration of conduc
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many other scientific fields are be
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• based on these assessments, pro
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systems include neutral beams, ion
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The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
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300
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• design and implement innovation
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the controlling instabilities and s
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cross-field transport in the pedest
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The modeling of near-surface plasma
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310
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• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
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ties that take advantage of simple
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ased materials development with adv
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introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
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technology is now evolving to inclu
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The elements of a thrust to develop
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The plasma facing components in a d
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
Page 366 and 367: • develop new diagnostics for int
Page 368 and 369: • increase sustained noninductive
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Page 372 and 373: Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
Page 374 and 375: The key areas in which new knowledg
Page 376 and 377: • exploration of high-temperature
Page 378 and 379: • availability of high-power radi
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Page 382 and 383: • study FRc stability at small io
Page 384 and 385: techniques for integrated data anal
Page 386 and 387: 4. based on the outcome of actions
Page 388 and 389: 2. With information from action 1,
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Page 392 and 393: aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
Page 398 and 399: aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
Page 400 and 401: 14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
Page 402 and 403: tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
Page 404 and 405: 43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
Page 406 and 407: tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
Page 408 and 409: 37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
Page 410 and 411: 20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
Page 412 and 413: tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
Page 414 and 415: 39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
Page 418 and 419: GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
Page 420 and 421: tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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