Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC COnFiguRatiOn 1. P.m. bellan, Improving spheromak helicity injection by eliminating the constraint imposed by Paschen breakdown physics 2. e.v. belova, m. yamada, h. Ji, s. Gerhardt, Oblate FRC concept with NBI for experimental studies of large-s FRC formation, stability, current drive and transport 3. a. boozer, G.h. neilson, and m. zarnstorff, Non-Axisymmetric Shaping as a Research Thrust 4. R.J. buttery, The Need for a Fusion Science Integration Experiment in the US 5. J.m. canik, a. sontag, m. cole, m. kotchenreuther, P. valanju, Limiting the Divertor Heat Flux to Enable Fusion Nuclear Science Research at Low-A 6. s.a. cohen, Improving energy confinement is the most rapid route to practical FRC reactors 7. d.J. den hartog, Measurement needs for the alternates, with broader connections 8. s. diem, d. batchelor, v. chan, a.m. Garofalo, y.k.-m. Peng, d. spong and a. sontag, Research Thrust to Establish Predictive Simulation Capability for Fusion Nuclear Science 9. l. el-Guebaly and R. Raffray, Impact of Tritium Breeding on Design Implications to Withstand Disruptions and Runaway Electrons 10. l. el-Guebaly, Need for High Tritium Burn-up Fraction in Plasma to Relax Tritium Breeding Requirement for Demo and Fusion Power Plants 11. R.J. Goldston, J. menard, and s.a. sabbagh, Contributions of NHTX to the ST Development Path 12. l.R. Grisham, Neutral Beam Development Plans and Needs for ITER 13. a.l. hoffman, l.c. steinhauer, h. Ferrari, and R. Farengo, Advances in Singly-Connected Closed Field Line Plasma Devices and Extrapolation to POP Level Experiments and Reactors 14. W. horton, J. Pratt, a.W. molvik, R.m. kulsrud, and n.J. Fisch, Axisymmetric Tandem Mirror D-T Neutron Source 15. P. innocente, m.e. Puiatti, and m. valisa, Density limits and control in RFP’s 16. t.P. intrator and R.P. majeski, Radio frequency sustainment and current drive for Compact Tori 17. t.P. intrator, t. Jarboe, and R.l. miller, Reactor considerations for Compact Toroids 18. i. R. Jones, Some thoughts on the future direction of rotamak research 19. m. kotschenreuther, s. m. mahajan, P. valanju, J.m. canik, a.m. Garofalo, b. labombard, and R. maingi, Severe divertor issues on next step devices, and validating the Super-X divertor as a promising solution 410
20. J. leuer and d. humpreys, Solenoidless Startup Research Thrusts for Tokamaks 21. R.P. majeski, m. kotschenreuther, J. manickam, s.a. sabbagh, l.e. zakharov, and l. zheng, Potential impact of low recycling equilibria and lithium walls on reactor design 22. l. marrelli, Issues on active control of MHD instabilities in a RFP 23. s. masamune, A scenario for steady state low-aspect-ratio RFP sustained by pressure-driven and RF/NBI-driven currents 24. h. mclean, c.R. sovinec, s. Woodruff, and m. yamada, Cross-cutting Connections between the Spheromak and the Reversed-Field Pinch (RFP) 25. R. moyer, t.e. evans, R. Groebner, h. Reimerdes, and P. snyder, Pedestal Optimization for Confinement and ELM Control 26. G.h. neilson and J. harris, Advancing Stellarator Knowledge Through International Collaboration 27. R.e. nygren, Future Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) & In-vessel Components (IVCs): Strengthened Sustained and Integrated Approach for Modeling and Testing HHFCs 28. y.k.-m. Peng, m. cole, b. Patton, G. yoder, k. korsah, t. burgess, y. katoh, J. Wagner, a. sontag, J.m. canik, s. diem, R.d. stambaugh, v.s. chan, c.P.c. Wong, s. kaye, Fusion Nuclear Science Research Thrust and the Required Full Fusion Nuclear Environment 29. n. Pomphrey, a. Reiman, and a h. boozer, Benefits of moderate 3D fields in Tokamaks - NHTX as an example 30. R. Raman, t.R. Jarboe, b.a. nelson, d. mueller, and m.G. bell, Research Thrust on Plasma Startup & Ramp-up 31. R. Raman, t.R. Jarboe, and h.W. kugel, Research Thrust on Advanced Plasma Fuelling 32. a. Reiman, Development of a Predictive Simulation Capability for Three-Dimensional Configurations 33. a. Reiman, Stellarator Operational Limits 34. J. slough, Development of a high fluence fusion neutron source and component test facility based on the magneto-kinetic compression of FRCs 35. J. slough, Next Step Needs for FRC Stability And Sustainment Studies 36. a. sontag, J.b.o. caughman, s. diem, R. Fonck, a. Garofalo, R. Raman, a. Redd, and v. shevchenko, Research Thrust on Plasma Startup & Ramp-up to Enable Fusion Nuclear Science Research at Low-A 37. c.R. sovinec, Computational Needs for Reversed-Field Pinch and Spheromak Development 38. d.a. spong, Fast ion stability and wall heat loading in stellarators 411
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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increasing power density and pulse
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of recent accomplishments that have
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ity limits have been maintained. in
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highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
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field and temperature fluctuations
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large-scale process control problem
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tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
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These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
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Research Requirements for Electron
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the launcher design is partly “tr
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tunities and goals for a few of the
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front layers of the field magnets c
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R&D Strategy a number of critical t
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formance burning plasmas are covere
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CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
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magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
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to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
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longer than the (solid) thermal equ
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Promising new ideas have been devel
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to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
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• liquid surface PFc operation in
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integrated effort that includes fun
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Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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138
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
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trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
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Safety and Environment • developm
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plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
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gaps: need to select and test the t
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• neutron and other radiation tra
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emphasis on modeling and expertise
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gap: Current understanding of stren
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Research needs critical research ne
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• Proposing integrated safety des
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• techniques and instruments to a
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Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
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• developing the design of an eff
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harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
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168
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
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Figure 1. Configuration space for t
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of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
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• Reduction of spheromak magnetic
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ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
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esearch requirements • evaluate t
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the banana regime, low turbulent tr
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in stellarator discharges with ohmi
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• investigate how demountable coi
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tion using a central solenoid is al
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functions, edge flows, and edge neu
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Development of predictive capabilit
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Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
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theory predictions for alfvén inst
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coils, to permit replacement of the
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stand the relative roles of long-to
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Table 1. 202
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primarily electrostatic, in the cas
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to be important in present experime
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PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
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calized field errors that can cause
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needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
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Scientific Issues and research requ
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esearch requirements new facilities
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small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
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connections Between Research Requir
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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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230
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232
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234
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Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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3) as planning matures for the rese
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that have high impact, that benefit
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could have an impact on the identif
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The Us fusion program is well posit
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Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
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elevant plasmas for very long pulse
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and stability, and mitigation requi
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• control alpha heating feedback
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heavy ion beam probes (already in u
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alpha particles (ash removal). mode
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• determine minimum heating power
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Research should focus on developing
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estal structure need to be coupled
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• sufficient heating with little
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Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
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Demonstrate active control of the p
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Demonstrate burn control and contro
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Develop the means for and demonstra
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Medium-term: Test and optimize full
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276
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• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
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to carry out the validation program
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and new devices could be designed w
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• high-field sc magnets for stead
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Element 2 — High current conducto
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Element 7 — integration of conduc
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many other scientific fields are be
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• based on these assessments, pro
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systems include neutral beams, ion
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The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
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300
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• design and implement innovation
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the controlling instabilities and s
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cross-field transport in the pedest
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The modeling of near-surface plasma
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310
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• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
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ties that take advantage of simple
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ased materials development with adv
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introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
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technology is now evolving to inclu
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The elements of a thrust to develop
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The plasma facing components in a d
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
Page 362 and 363: • employ energetic particle beams
Page 364 and 365: • develop and validate theoretica
Page 366 and 367: • develop new diagnostics for int
Page 368 and 369: • increase sustained noninductive
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Page 372 and 373: Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
Page 374 and 375: The key areas in which new knowledg
Page 376 and 377: • exploration of high-temperature
Page 378 and 379: • availability of high-power radi
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Page 382 and 383: • study FRc stability at small io
Page 384 and 385: techniques for integrated data anal
Page 386 and 387: 4. based on the outcome of actions
Page 388 and 389: 2. With information from action 1,
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Page 392 and 393: aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
Page 398 and 399: aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
Page 400 and 401: 14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
Page 402 and 403: tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
Page 404 and 405: 43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
Page 406 and 407: tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
Page 408 and 409: 37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
Page 410 and 411: 20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
Page 414 and 415: 39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
Page 416 and 417: don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
Page 418 and 419: GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
Page 420 and 421: tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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