Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaCe Theme memBers plasma-maTerial inTeraCTion panel JeFF bRooks, Purdue University (Panel leader) don hillis, oak Ridge national laboratory Rob Goldston, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Jean PaUl allain, Purdue University tom RoGnlien, lawrence livermore national laboratory tony leonaRd, General atomics bRian labombaRd, massachusetts institute of technology PeteR stanGeby, University of toronto, canada XianzhU tanG, los alamos national laboratory plasma faCing ComponenTs panel clement WonG, General atomics (Panel leader) bRUce liPschUltz, massachusetts institute of technology RUss doeRneR, University of california, san diego dennis yoUchison, sandia national laboratories dick maJeski, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory bRad meRRill, idaho national laboratory dennis Whyte, massachusetts institute of technology stan miloRa, oak Ridge national laboratory inTernal ComponenTs panel Rich callis, General atomics (Panel leader) david RasmUssen, oak Ridge national laboratory J. Randall Wilson, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Jim iRby, massachusetts institute of technology tony Peebles, University of california los angeles tom JaRboe, University of Washington John caUGhman, oak Ridge national laboratory Jim leUeR, General atomics lance snead, oak Ridge national laboratory 136
esearCh ThrusT CoordinaTors Thrust 9−Unfold the physics of boundary layer plasmas. RaJesh mainGi, oak Ridge national laboratory tom RoGnlien, lawrence livermore national laboratory Thrust 10−Decode and advance the science and technology of plasma-surface interactions. don hillis, oak Ridge national laboratory Thrust 11−Improve power handling through engineering innovation. dennis yoUchison, sandia national laboratories Thrust 12−Demonstrate an integrated solution for plasma-material interfaces compatible with an optimized core plasma. tony leonaRd, General atomics Theme leaders michael UlRickson, sandia national laboratories (chair) RaJesh mainGi, oak Ridge national laboratory (vice-chair) Rostom daGazian, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy 137
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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increasing power density and pulse
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of recent accomplishments that have
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ity limits have been maintained. in
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highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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Page 90 and 91: itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
Page 92 and 93: and morphology, are needed. new mea
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Page 96 and 97: large-scale process control problem
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Page 100 and 101: ing and design include computationa
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Page 104 and 105: These requirements are applicable t
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Page 108 and 109: Research Requirements for Electron
Page 110 and 111: the launcher design is partly “tr
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Page 114 and 115: front layers of the field magnets c
Page 116 and 117: R&D Strategy a number of critical t
Page 118 and 119: formance burning plasmas are covere
Page 120 and 121: CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
Page 122 and 123: magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
Page 124 and 125: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
Page 126 and 127: to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
Page 128 and 129: longer than the (solid) thermal equ
Page 130 and 131: Promising new ideas have been devel
Page 132 and 133: to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
Page 134 and 135: • liquid surface PFc operation in
Page 136 and 137: integrated effort that includes fun
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Page 142 and 143: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
Page 144 and 145: trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
Page 146 and 147: Safety and Environment • developm
Page 148 and 149: plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
Page 150 and 151: gaps: need to select and test the t
Page 152 and 153: • neutron and other radiation tra
Page 154 and 155: emphasis on modeling and expertise
Page 156 and 157: gap: Current understanding of stren
Page 158 and 159: Research needs critical research ne
Page 160 and 161: • Proposing integrated safety des
Page 162 and 163: • techniques and instruments to a
Page 164 and 165: Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
Page 166 and 167: • developing the design of an eff
Page 168 and 169: harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
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Page 172 and 173: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
Page 174 and 175: Figure 1. Configuration space for t
Page 176 and 177: of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
Page 178 and 179: • Reduction of spheromak magnetic
Page 180 and 181: ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
Page 182 and 183: esearch requirements • evaluate t
Page 184 and 185: the banana regime, low turbulent tr
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• investigate how demountable coi
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tion using a central solenoid is al
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functions, edge flows, and edge neu
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Development of predictive capabilit
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Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
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theory predictions for alfvén inst
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coils, to permit replacement of the
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stand the relative roles of long-to
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Table 1. 202
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primarily electrostatic, in the cas
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to be important in present experime
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PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
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calized field errors that can cause
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needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
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Scientific Issues and research requ
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esearch requirements new facilities
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small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
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connections Between Research Requir
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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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3) as planning matures for the rese
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that have high impact, that benefit
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could have an impact on the identif
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The Us fusion program is well posit
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Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
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elevant plasmas for very long pulse
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and stability, and mitigation requi
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• control alpha heating feedback
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heavy ion beam probes (already in u
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alpha particles (ash removal). mode
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• determine minimum heating power
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Research should focus on developing
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estal structure need to be coupled
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• sufficient heating with little
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Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
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Demonstrate active control of the p
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Demonstrate burn control and contro
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Develop the means for and demonstra
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Medium-term: Test and optimize full
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276
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• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
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to carry out the validation program
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and new devices could be designed w
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• high-field sc magnets for stead
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Element 2 — High current conducto
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Element 7 — integration of conduc
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many other scientific fields are be
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• based on these assessments, pro
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systems include neutral beams, ion
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The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
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300
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• design and implement innovation
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the controlling instabilities and s
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cross-field transport in the pedest
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The modeling of near-surface plasma
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• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
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ties that take advantage of simple
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ased materials development with adv
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introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
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technology is now evolving to inclu
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The elements of a thrust to develop
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The plasma facing components in a d
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
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• develop new diagnostics for int
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• increase sustained noninductive
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368
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Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
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The key areas in which new knowledg
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• exploration of high-temperature
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• availability of high-power radi
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378
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• study FRc stability at small io
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techniques for integrated data anal
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4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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388
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
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aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
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14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
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tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
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43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
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tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
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39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
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don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
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GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
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tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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