Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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On the COver Depicted is Vortex Waltz, a computer simulation snapshot of two-dimensional fluid vortexes captured by J. Luc Peterson (graduate student) and Greg Hammett (physicist) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University. Two-dimensional fluid vortexes attract, swirling and merging with their partners in a turbulent ballet. This natural behavior influences phenomena ranging from weather patterns in the atmosphere to the performance of nuclear fusion devices. Advanced numerical algorithms and high-performance supercomputers allow for turbulence simulations of unprecedented detail. This snapshot catches the vortexes in the act. Originally entirely separated, the two vortex centers (dark red) have sent out spiral bands and shock waves throughout the background fluid as they’ve circled each other and combined. If left alone long enough, the two will complete their dance as a single, larger vortex. The image is featured in the 2009 Art of Science exhibit at Princeton University.
Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences Report of the Research Needs Workshop (ReNeW) ReNeW is a planning activity of the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (OFES) Chair: RichaRd hazeltine, The University of texas at austin Vice-Chair: david hill, lawrence livermore national laboratory OFES: hUtch neilson, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy* Theme Leaders: chaRles GReenField, General atomics amanda hUbbaRd, massachusetts institute of technology RaJesh mainGi, oak Ridge national laboratory Wayne meieR, lawrence livermore national laboratory Rene RaFFRay, University of california, san diego John saRFF, University of Wisconsin-madison michael UlRickson, sandia national laboratories James W. van dam, The University of texas at austin mickey Wade, General atomics michael zaRnstoRFF, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory OFES Contacts: sam baRish, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy PubLiCatiOn Rostom daGazian, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy maRk FosteR, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy John mandRekas, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy al oPdenakeR, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy baRRy sUllivan, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy Editor: Patti WieseR, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Design/Layout: GReGoRy czechoWicz, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Support: lisa GloUdon, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory Web Support: James dekock, University of Wisconsin-madison emily hooks, The University of texas at austin This Report is available on the ReNeW web site at: http://burningplasma.org/renew.html *On detail to OFES from Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.
Page 1: Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
Page 9 and 10: Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
Page 11 and 12: The thrusts span a wide range of si
Page 13 and 14: eactor, most heat comes from fusion
Page 15 and 16: thrust 18: achieve high-performance
Page 17 and 18: confinement is measured by the so-c
Page 19: PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
Page 22 and 23: ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
Page 24 and 25: 22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
Page 26 and 27: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
Page 28 and 29: extended operation phase. The optim
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
Page 34 and 35: Do the alpha particles couple to th
Page 36 and 37: • improved understanding of the e
Page 38 and 39: most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
Page 40 and 41: H-mode access: access to the h-mode
Page 42 and 43: although present-day devices have m
Page 44 and 45: estimates indicate that it will be
Page 46 and 47: can enter the plasma core and dimin
Page 48 and 49: ent drive alone cannot account for
Page 50 and 51: Figure 10. Control involves the ele
Page 52 and 53:
to operation of iteR. solutions for
Page 54 and 55:
• identification and stabilizatio
Page 56 and 57:
Disruption prediction accurate pred
Page 58 and 59:
Figure 12. The application of non-a
Page 60 and 61:
ion losses, a quantitative predicti
Page 62 and 63:
due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
Page 66 and 67:
quires assessment of when potential
Page 68 and 69:
suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
Page 72 and 73:
ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
Page 74 and 75:
increasing power density and pulse
Page 76 and 77:
of recent accomplishments that have
Page 78 and 79:
ity limits have been maintained. in
Page 80 and 81:
highly risky in such an environment
Page 82 and 83:
proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
Page 84 and 85:
will dominate the external sources
Page 86 and 87:
The barrier gradient is generally l
Page 88 and 89:
interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
Page 94 and 95:
field and temperature fluctuations
Page 96 and 97:
large-scale process control problem
Page 98 and 99:
tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
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These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
Page 108 and 109:
Research Requirements for Electron
Page 110 and 111:
the launcher design is partly “tr
Page 112 and 113:
tunities and goals for a few of the
Page 114 and 115:
front layers of the field magnets c
Page 116 and 117:
R&D Strategy a number of critical t
Page 118 and 119:
formance burning plasmas are covere
Page 120 and 121:
CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
Page 122 and 123:
magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
Page 124 and 125:
ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
Page 126 and 127:
to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
Page 128 and 129:
longer than the (solid) thermal equ
Page 130 and 131:
Promising new ideas have been devel
Page 132 and 133:
to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
Page 134 and 135:
• liquid surface PFc operation in
Page 136 and 137:
integrated effort that includes fun
Page 138 and 139:
Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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138
Page 142 and 143:
ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
Page 144 and 145:
trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
Page 146 and 147:
Safety and Environment • developm
Page 148 and 149:
plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
Page 150 and 151:
gaps: need to select and test the t
Page 152 and 153:
• neutron and other radiation tra
Page 154 and 155:
emphasis on modeling and expertise
Page 156 and 157:
gap: Current understanding of stren
Page 158 and 159:
Research needs critical research ne
Page 160 and 161:
• Proposing integrated safety des
Page 162 and 163:
• techniques and instruments to a
Page 164 and 165:
Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
Page 166 and 167:
• developing the design of an eff
Page 168 and 169:
harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
Page 170 and 171:
168
Page 172 and 173:
ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 1. Configuration space for t
Page 176 and 177:
of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
Page 178 and 179:
• Reduction of spheromak magnetic
Page 180 and 181:
ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
Page 182 and 183:
esearch requirements • evaluate t
Page 184 and 185:
the banana regime, low turbulent tr
Page 186 and 187:
in stellarator discharges with ohmi
Page 188 and 189:
• investigate how demountable coi
Page 190 and 191:
tion using a central solenoid is al
Page 192 and 193:
functions, edge flows, and edge neu
Page 194 and 195:
Development of predictive capabilit
Page 196 and 197:
Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
Page 198 and 199:
theory predictions for alfvén inst
Page 200 and 201:
coils, to permit replacement of the
Page 202 and 203:
stand the relative roles of long-to
Page 204 and 205:
Table 1. 202
Page 206 and 207:
primarily electrostatic, in the cas
Page 208 and 209:
to be important in present experime
Page 210 and 211:
PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
Page 212 and 213:
calized field errors that can cause
Page 214 and 215:
needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
Page 216 and 217:
Scientific Issues and research requ
Page 218 and 219:
esearch requirements new facilities
Page 220 and 221:
small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
Page 228 and 229:
connections Between Research Requir
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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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230
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232
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234
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Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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3) as planning matures for the rese
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that have high impact, that benefit
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could have an impact on the identif
Page 246 and 247:
The Us fusion program is well posit
Page 248 and 249:
Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
Page 250 and 251:
elevant plasmas for very long pulse
Page 252 and 253:
and stability, and mitigation requi
Page 254 and 255:
• control alpha heating feedback
Page 256 and 257:
heavy ion beam probes (already in u
Page 258 and 259:
alpha particles (ash removal). mode
Page 260 and 261:
• determine minimum heating power
Page 262 and 263:
Research should focus on developing
Page 264 and 265:
estal structure need to be coupled
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• sufficient heating with little
Page 268 and 269:
Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
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Demonstrate active control of the p
Page 272 and 273:
Demonstrate burn control and contro
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Develop the means for and demonstra
Page 276 and 277:
Medium-term: Test and optimize full
Page 278 and 279:
276
Page 280 and 281:
• Recruit, train and support dedi
Page 282 and 283:
With this information in hand, phys
Page 284 and 285:
to carry out the validation program
Page 286 and 287:
and new devices could be designed w
Page 288 and 289:
• high-field sc magnets for stead
Page 290 and 291:
Element 2 — High current conducto
Page 292 and 293:
Element 7 — integration of conduc
Page 294 and 295:
many other scientific fields are be
Page 296 and 297:
• based on these assessments, pro
Page 298 and 299:
systems include neutral beams, ion
Page 300 and 301:
The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
Page 302 and 303:
300
Page 304 and 305:
• design and implement innovation
Page 306 and 307:
the controlling instabilities and s
Page 308 and 309:
cross-field transport in the pedest
Page 310 and 311:
The modeling of near-surface plasma
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310
Page 314 and 315:
• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
Page 318 and 319:
ties that take advantage of simple
Page 320 and 321:
ased materials development with adv
Page 322 and 323:
introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
Page 324 and 325:
technology is now evolving to inclu
Page 326 and 327:
The elements of a thrust to develop
Page 328 and 329:
The plasma facing components in a d
Page 330 and 331:
to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
Page 336 and 337:
introduction harnessing fusion powe
Page 338 and 339:
each Thrust 13 element includes the
Page 340 and 341:
Figure 3. System concept for perfor
Page 342 and 343:
equirements. Understanding the fuel
Page 344 and 345:
• Use a combination of existing a
Page 346 and 347:
chemical interactions between the s
Page 348 and 349:
dose fusion-relevant environment wi
Page 350 and 351:
Use a combination of existing and n
Page 352 and 353:
350
Page 354 and 355:
evaluate, through advanced design a
Page 356 and 357:
at the time when the demo design is
Page 358 and 359:
3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
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• develop new diagnostics for int
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• increase sustained noninductive
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368
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Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
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The key areas in which new knowledg
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• exploration of high-temperature
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• availability of high-power radi
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378
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• study FRc stability at small io
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techniques for integrated data anal
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4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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388
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
Page 400 and 401:
14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
Page 402 and 403:
tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
Page 404 and 405:
43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
Page 406 and 407:
tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
Page 412 and 413:
tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
Page 414 and 415:
39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
Page 416 and 417:
don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
Page 418 and 419:
GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
Page 420 and 421:
tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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