Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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connections Between Research Requirements and ReNeW Research thrusts Three primary research thrusts (16-18) emerge from the optimizing the magnetic configuration Theme. These thrusts describe configuration optimization associated with major variables of aspect ratio, 3-d shaping, and degree of external magnetization. They have been designed to expose the opportunities and research actions for the development of the integrated approach to fusion provided by each configuration, plus the scientific value of linked multi-configuration research. all of the research thrusts in ReneW concern toroidal confinement and are therefore relevant to some degree to tokamak and alternates alike. table 5 provides a sense of the connections between the research needs for toroidal alternates and the science appearing in all 18 thrusts. 3 = thrust addresses primary research need(s); configuration is a primary contributor. 2 = thrust addresses significant research need; configuration is a major contributor. 1 = configuration is a potential contributor and/or benefactor of thrust. 226
RESEaRCH tHRuSt Stell. St RFP Ct 1. Develop measurement techniques to understand and control burning plasmas. 2 2 2 1 2. Control transient events in burning plasmas. 3 2 1 1 3. understand the role of alpha particles in burning plasmas. 1 2 1 1 4. Qualify operational scenarios and the supporting physics basis for itER. 1 2 1 1 5. Expand the limits for controlling and sustaining fusion plasmas. 1 2 2 2 6. Develop predictive models for fusion plasmas, supported by theory and challenged with experimental measurement. 3 3 3 3 7. Exploit high-temperature superconductors and other magnet innovations to advance fusion research. 2 2 1 1 8. understand the highly integrated dynamics of dominantly self-heated and self-sustained burning plasmas. 2 2 1 1 9. unfold the physics of boundary layer plasmas. 1 2 1 1 10. Decode and advance the science and technology of plasma-surface interactions. 1 2 1 1 11. improve power handling through engineering innovation. 2 3 2 2 12. Demonstrate an integrated solution for plasma-material interfaces compatible with an optimized core plasma. 1 2 1 1 13. Establish the science and technology for fusion power extraction and tritium sustainability. 1 1 1 1 14. Develop the material science and technology needed to harness fusion power. 1 1 1 1 15. Create integrated designs and models for attractive fusion power systems. 1 2 1 1 16. Develop the spherical torus to advance fusion nuclear science. 2 3 2 2 17. Optimize steady-state disruption-free toroidal confinement using 3-D magnetic shaping, and emphasizing quasi-symmetry principles. 3 2 2 2 18. achieve high-performance toroidal confinement using minimal externally applied magnetic field. 1 2 3 3 Table 5 227
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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increasing power density and pulse
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of recent accomplishments that have
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ity limits have been maintained. in
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highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
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field and temperature fluctuations
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large-scale process control problem
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tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
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These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
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Research Requirements for Electron
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the launcher design is partly “tr
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tunities and goals for a few of the
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front layers of the field magnets c
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R&D Strategy a number of critical t
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formance burning plasmas are covere
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CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
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magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
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to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
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longer than the (solid) thermal equ
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Promising new ideas have been devel
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to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
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• liquid surface PFc operation in
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integrated effort that includes fun
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Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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138
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
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trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
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Safety and Environment • developm
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plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
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gaps: need to select and test the t
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• neutron and other radiation tra
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emphasis on modeling and expertise
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gap: Current understanding of stren
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Research needs critical research ne
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• Proposing integrated safety des
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• techniques and instruments to a
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Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
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• developing the design of an eff
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harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
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168
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
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Figure 1. Configuration space for t
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of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
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Page 194 and 195: Development of predictive capabilit
Page 196 and 197: Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
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Page 210 and 211: PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
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Page 216 and 217: Scientific Issues and research requ
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Page 222 and 223: tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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Page 230 and 231: opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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Page 238 and 239: Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
Page 240 and 241: 3) as planning matures for the rese
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Page 248 and 249: Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
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Page 254 and 255: • control alpha heating feedback
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Page 262 and 263: Research should focus on developing
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Page 268 and 269: Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
Page 270 and 271: Demonstrate active control of the p
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Page 276 and 277: Medium-term: Test and optimize full
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276
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• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
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to carry out the validation program
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and new devices could be designed w
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• high-field sc magnets for stead
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Element 2 — High current conducto
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Element 7 — integration of conduc
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many other scientific fields are be
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• based on these assessments, pro
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systems include neutral beams, ion
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The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
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300
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• design and implement innovation
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the controlling instabilities and s
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cross-field transport in the pedest
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The modeling of near-surface plasma
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• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
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ties that take advantage of simple
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ased materials development with adv
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introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
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technology is now evolving to inclu
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The elements of a thrust to develop
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The plasma facing components in a d
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
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• develop new diagnostics for int
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• increase sustained noninductive
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Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
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The key areas in which new knowledg
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• exploration of high-temperature
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• availability of high-power radi
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378
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• study FRc stability at small io
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techniques for integrated data anal
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4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
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aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
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14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
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tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
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43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
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tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
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39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
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don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
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GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
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tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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