Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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• Recruit, train and support dedicated analysts, who would bridge the gap between theorists, code developers and experimentalists, providing unbiased assessments. • Provide substantial computer time for code verification and model validation. Scientific and technical Research The Thrust represents a focused and systematic effort to develop robust, validated predictive modeling capabilities for toroidal magnetically confined plasmas by integrating and amplifying many existing and proposed elements of the fusion program, including the FsP. The physical phenomena requiring study are broad, covering wave propagation and damping, wave particle interactions, turbulence and transport, hydrodynamic stability, plasma-wall interactions, radiation transport and atomic physics. The physical problem is intrinsically nonlinear, involving ensembles of particles and fields in a six-dimensional phase space and spanning more than a factor of 10 12 in time and 10 6 in space. a range of magnetic configurations must be addressed, including those with both external and self-generated three-dimensional fields. meeting this challenge will require significant advancements in theory and computation, along with a coordinated experimental program involving innovative diagnostics and systematic validation studies. success would require additional resources supporting all of the actions listed earlier and more significantly, an unprecedented degree of cooperation among major program elements. activities would be iterative and ongoing with a cycle of model development, testing and analysis at their core. Elements of Thrust Work on the Thrust would begin by selecting a set of “case studies” for initial attack. The case studies would represent important areas of focus that allow for rational prioritization and maximum impact on the overall fusion sciences program. criteria for selection would include importance, urgency and readiness. one such set was discussed by the predictive modeling panel (described in chapter 2) and is supplemented here by ideas from Themes 1, 3, and 5. These case studies, with references to technical detail in other theme chapters and sections, are provided in table 1. They are provided only as examples; considerable discussion would be required to arrive at a final list. available resources would dictate the feasible scale of effort in the short term — though ultimately all topics will need to be addressed. For each case study chosen, careful planning will be carried out to map research needs and directions. Planning would begin with a discussion of how model predictions would be used, what applications are intended and what the impact of predictions would be, especially the consequences of prediction errors. Researchers would need to describe areas where the underlying physical models are well understood and where they are uncertain or controversial, to assess which parts of the problem are theoretically and computationally tractable and which require significant development. important areas of physics integration and interface should also be identified. The current state of comparison between codes and experiments should be evaluated, and important areas of agreement and disagreement tabulated. investigators should estimate the domain over which the model can be tested, along with the experimental platforms required. This evaluation should map out the possible domain of validation with respect to the intended applications — 278
will the application be an interpolation or is extrapolation required? — and consider the implications of using the model. CaSE StuDiES — SCiEnCE tOPiC Plasma-wall Interactions and Scrape-off Layer Pedestal and Edge Localized Modes Disruptions (esp. impacts, avoidance and mitigation) Core Transport and Magnetohydrodynamics Radiofrequency Current Drive and Heating Energetic Particle Physics Physics of Non-axisymmetric Configurations Integrated Modeling 279 REFEREnCE tO tECHniCaL DEtaiL Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 5 Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 5 Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 5 Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 5 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 5 Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 5 Theme 2 Theme 5 Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 5 tHRuStS SuPPORtED 4, 5, 9, 12, 16, 17 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 16 2, 5, 8, 12 4, 5, 8, 12, 16, 17, 18 4, 5, 8, 12, 16, 17, 18 3, 4, 5, 8 2, 17 4, 5, 8, 12, 16, 17 Table 1. A possible set of case studies for validated modeling with references to technical backup in this Report and a compilation of thrusts mutually supported by Thrust 6.
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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increasing power density and pulse
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of recent accomplishments that have
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ity limits have been maintained. in
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highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
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field and temperature fluctuations
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large-scale process control problem
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tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
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These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
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Research Requirements for Electron
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the launcher design is partly “tr
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tunities and goals for a few of the
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front layers of the field magnets c
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R&D Strategy a number of critical t
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formance burning plasmas are covere
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CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
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magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
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to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
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longer than the (solid) thermal equ
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Promising new ideas have been devel
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to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
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• liquid surface PFc operation in
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integrated effort that includes fun
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Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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138
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
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trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
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Safety and Environment • developm
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plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
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gaps: need to select and test the t
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• neutron and other radiation tra
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emphasis on modeling and expertise
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gap: Current understanding of stren
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Research needs critical research ne
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• Proposing integrated safety des
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• techniques and instruments to a
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Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
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• developing the design of an eff
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harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
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168
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
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Figure 1. Configuration space for t
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of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
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• Reduction of spheromak magnetic
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ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
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esearch requirements • evaluate t
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the banana regime, low turbulent tr
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in stellarator discharges with ohmi
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• investigate how demountable coi
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tion using a central solenoid is al
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functions, edge flows, and edge neu
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Development of predictive capabilit
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Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
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theory predictions for alfvén inst
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coils, to permit replacement of the
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stand the relative roles of long-to
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Table 1. 202
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primarily electrostatic, in the cas
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to be important in present experime
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PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
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calized field errors that can cause
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needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
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Scientific Issues and research requ
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esearch requirements new facilities
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small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
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connections Between Research Requir
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Page 238 and 239: Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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Page 254 and 255: • control alpha heating feedback
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Page 268 and 269: Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
Page 270 and 271: Demonstrate active control of the p
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Page 274 and 275: Develop the means for and demonstra
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Page 282 and 283: With this information in hand, phys
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
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• develop new diagnostics for int
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• increase sustained noninductive
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Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
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The key areas in which new knowledg
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• exploration of high-temperature
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• availability of high-power radi
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378
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• study FRc stability at small io
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techniques for integrated data anal
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4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
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aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
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14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
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tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
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43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
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tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
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39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
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don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
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GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
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tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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