Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address Research Requirements. All MFES research requirements described in Part I are addressed by the set of Research Thrusts described in Part II. The Thrusts constitute the building blocks of a diverse, well-integrated MFES research program for the ITER era.
THEME 1: BURNING PLASMAS IN ITER 23
Page 1 and 2: Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
Page 3: Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
Page 7 and 8: ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
Page 9 and 10: Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
Page 11 and 12: The thrusts span a wide range of si
Page 13 and 14: eactor, most heat comes from fusion
Page 15 and 16: thrust 18: achieve high-performance
Page 17 and 18: confinement is measured by the so-c
Page 19: PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
Page 22 and 23: ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
Page 26 and 27: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
Page 28 and 29: extended operation phase. The optim
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
Page 34 and 35: Do the alpha particles couple to th
Page 36 and 37: • improved understanding of the e
Page 38 and 39: most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
Page 40 and 41: H-mode access: access to the h-mode
Page 42 and 43: although present-day devices have m
Page 44 and 45: estimates indicate that it will be
Page 46 and 47: can enter the plasma core and dimin
Page 48 and 49: ent drive alone cannot account for
Page 50 and 51: Figure 10. Control involves the ele
Page 52 and 53: to operation of iteR. solutions for
Page 54 and 55: • identification and stabilizatio
Page 56 and 57: Disruption prediction accurate pred
Page 58 and 59: Figure 12. The application of non-a
Page 60 and 61: ion losses, a quantitative predicti
Page 62 and 63: due to incompatibility of the measu
Page 64 and 65: agnostic measurements of critical p
Page 66 and 67: quires assessment of when potential
Page 68 and 69: suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
Page 70 and 71: miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
Page 72 and 73: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
Page 74 and 75:
increasing power density and pulse
Page 76 and 77:
of recent accomplishments that have
Page 78 and 79:
ity limits have been maintained. in
Page 80 and 81:
highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
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field and temperature fluctuations
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large-scale process control problem
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tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
Page 104 and 105:
These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
Page 108 and 109:
Research Requirements for Electron
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the launcher design is partly “tr
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tunities and goals for a few of the
Page 114 and 115:
front layers of the field magnets c
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R&D Strategy a number of critical t
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formance burning plasmas are covere
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CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
Page 122 and 123:
magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
Page 124 and 125:
ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
Page 126 and 127:
to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
Page 128 and 129:
longer than the (solid) thermal equ
Page 130 and 131:
Promising new ideas have been devel
Page 132 and 133:
to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
Page 134 and 135:
• liquid surface PFc operation in
Page 136 and 137:
integrated effort that includes fun
Page 138 and 139:
Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
Page 140 and 141:
138
Page 142 and 143:
ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
Page 144 and 145:
trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
Page 146 and 147:
Safety and Environment • developm
Page 148 and 149:
plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
Page 150 and 151:
gaps: need to select and test the t
Page 152 and 153:
• neutron and other radiation tra
Page 154 and 155:
emphasis on modeling and expertise
Page 156 and 157:
gap: Current understanding of stren
Page 158 and 159:
Research needs critical research ne
Page 160 and 161:
• Proposing integrated safety des
Page 162 and 163:
• techniques and instruments to a
Page 164 and 165:
Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
Page 166 and 167:
• developing the design of an eff
Page 168 and 169:
harnessing fusion power Theme memBe
Page 170 and 171:
168
Page 172 and 173:
ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 1. Configuration space for t
Page 176 and 177:
of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
Page 178 and 179:
• Reduction of spheromak magnetic
Page 180 and 181:
ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
Page 182 and 183:
esearch requirements • evaluate t
Page 184 and 185:
the banana regime, low turbulent tr
Page 186 and 187:
in stellarator discharges with ohmi
Page 188 and 189:
• investigate how demountable coi
Page 190 and 191:
tion using a central solenoid is al
Page 192 and 193:
functions, edge flows, and edge neu
Page 194 and 195:
Development of predictive capabilit
Page 196 and 197:
Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
Page 198 and 199:
theory predictions for alfvén inst
Page 200 and 201:
coils, to permit replacement of the
Page 202 and 203:
stand the relative roles of long-to
Page 204 and 205:
Table 1. 202
Page 206 and 207:
primarily electrostatic, in the cas
Page 208 and 209:
to be important in present experime
Page 210 and 211:
PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
Page 212 and 213:
calized field errors that can cause
Page 214 and 215:
needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
Page 216 and 217:
Scientific Issues and research requ
Page 218 and 219:
esearch requirements new facilities
Page 220 and 221:
small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
Page 228 and 229:
connections Between Research Requir
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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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230
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232
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234
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Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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3) as planning matures for the rese
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that have high impact, that benefit
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could have an impact on the identif
Page 246 and 247:
The Us fusion program is well posit
Page 248 and 249:
Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
Page 250 and 251:
elevant plasmas for very long pulse
Page 252 and 253:
and stability, and mitigation requi
Page 254 and 255:
• control alpha heating feedback
Page 256 and 257:
heavy ion beam probes (already in u
Page 258 and 259:
alpha particles (ash removal). mode
Page 260 and 261:
• determine minimum heating power
Page 262 and 263:
Research should focus on developing
Page 264 and 265:
estal structure need to be coupled
Page 266 and 267:
• sufficient heating with little
Page 268 and 269:
Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
Page 270 and 271:
Demonstrate active control of the p
Page 272 and 273:
Demonstrate burn control and contro
Page 274 and 275:
Develop the means for and demonstra
Page 276 and 277:
Medium-term: Test and optimize full
Page 278 and 279:
276
Page 280 and 281:
• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
Page 284 and 285:
to carry out the validation program
Page 286 and 287:
and new devices could be designed w
Page 288 and 289:
• high-field sc magnets for stead
Page 290 and 291:
Element 2 — High current conducto
Page 292 and 293:
Element 7 — integration of conduc
Page 294 and 295:
many other scientific fields are be
Page 296 and 297:
• based on these assessments, pro
Page 298 and 299:
systems include neutral beams, ion
Page 300 and 301:
The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
Page 302 and 303:
300
Page 304 and 305:
• design and implement innovation
Page 306 and 307:
the controlling instabilities and s
Page 308 and 309:
cross-field transport in the pedest
Page 310 and 311:
The modeling of near-surface plasma
Page 312 and 313:
310
Page 314 and 315:
• build large-size test stands wh
Page 316 and 317:
trol of the energy, impact angle, a
Page 318 and 319:
ties that take advantage of simple
Page 320 and 321:
ased materials development with adv
Page 322 and 323:
introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
Page 324 and 325:
technology is now evolving to inclu
Page 326 and 327:
The elements of a thrust to develop
Page 328 and 329:
The plasma facing components in a d
Page 330 and 331:
to demonstrate that steady and tran
Page 332 and 333:
mum of nuclear activation and prese
Page 334 and 335:
332
Page 336 and 337:
introduction harnessing fusion powe
Page 338 and 339:
each Thrust 13 element includes the
Page 340 and 341:
Figure 3. System concept for perfor
Page 342 and 343:
equirements. Understanding the fuel
Page 344 and 345:
• Use a combination of existing a
Page 346 and 347:
chemical interactions between the s
Page 348 and 349:
dose fusion-relevant environment wi
Page 350 and 351:
Use a combination of existing and n
Page 352 and 353:
350
Page 354 and 355:
evaluate, through advanced design a
Page 356 and 357:
at the time when the demo design is
Page 358 and 359:
3. Computational analysis managemen
Page 360 and 361:
Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
Page 362 and 363:
• employ energetic particle beams
Page 364 and 365:
• develop and validate theoretica
Page 366 and 367:
• develop new diagnostics for int
Page 368 and 369:
• increase sustained noninductive
Page 370 and 371:
368
Page 372 and 373:
Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
Page 374 and 375:
The key areas in which new knowledg
Page 376 and 377:
• exploration of high-temperature
Page 378 and 379:
• availability of high-power radi
Page 380 and 381:
378
Page 382 and 383:
• study FRc stability at small io
Page 384 and 385:
techniques for integrated data anal
Page 386 and 387:
4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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388
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
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Page 396 and 397:
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aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
Page 400 and 401:
14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
Page 402 and 403:
tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
Page 404 and 405:
43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
Page 406 and 407:
tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
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39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
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don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
Page 418 and 419:
GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
Page 420 and 421:
tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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