Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences - US Burning ...

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harnessing fusion power Theme memBers fuel CyCle panel scott Willms, los alamos national laboratory (Panel leader) Jim klein, savannah River national laboratory alice yinG, University of california, los angeles laRRy bayloR, oak Ridge national laboratory maRtin PenG, oak Ridge national laboratory dai-kai sze, University of california, san diego power eXTraCTion panel neil b. moRley, University of california, los angeles (Panel leader) chaRlie bakeR, sandia national laboratories PatRick caldeRoni, idaho national laboratory RichaRd nyGRen, sandia national laboratories aRthUR RoWcliFF, oak Ridge national laboratory mohamed saWan, University of Washington Ron stambaUGh, General atomics GRaydon yodeR, oak Ridge national laboratory maTerials panel Rick kURtz, Pacific northwest national laboratory (Panel leader) mike maUel, columbia University michael nastasi, los alamos national laboratory bob odette, University of california, santa barbara shahRam shaRaFat, University of california, los angeles RoGeR stolleR, oak Ridge national laboratory steve zinkle, oak Ridge national laboratory safeTy and enVironmenT panel Phil shaRPe, idaho national laboratory (Panel leader) laila el-GUebaly, University of Wisconsin–madison catheRine FioRe, massachusetts institute of technology koFi koRsah, oak Ridge national laboratory Jim maRa, savannah River national laboratory neRmin Uckan, oak Ridge national laboratory 166
ami panel Wayne ReieRsen, Princeton Plasma Physics laboratory (Panel leader) mohamed abdoU, University of california, los angeles tom bURGess, oak Ridge national laboratory lee cadWalladeR, idaho national laboratory John sheFField, University of tennessee, knoxville John smith, General atomics les WaGaneR (boeing – retired) Theme leaders Wayne meieR, lawrence livermore national laboratory (Theme chair) Rene RaFFRay, University of california, san diego (Theme vice-chair) baRRy sUllivan, office of Fusion energy sciences, U.s. department of energy 167
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion
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ExEcutivE SuMMaRy nuclear fusion
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Magnetic confinement magnetic confi
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The thrusts span a wide range of si
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eactor, most heat comes from fusion
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thrust 18: achieve high-performance
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confinement is measured by the so-c
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PART I: ISSUES AND RESEARCH REQUIRE
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ReneW Organization: Themes The stru
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22 Table 1. ReNeW Thrusts Address R
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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extended operation phase. The optim
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Figure 2. Alpha particles can cause
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Figure 3. Spectrogram of the time-v
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Do the alpha particles couple to th
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• improved understanding of the e
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most relevant to iteR. Recent obser
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H-mode access: access to the h-mode
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although present-day devices have m
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estimates indicate that it will be
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can enter the plasma core and dimin
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ent drive alone cannot account for
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Figure 10. Control involves the ele
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to operation of iteR. solutions for
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• identification and stabilizatio
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Disruption prediction accurate pred
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Figure 12. The application of non-a
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ion losses, a quantitative predicti
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due to incompatibility of the measu
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agnostic measurements of critical p
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quires assessment of when potential
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suggesTions for furTher reading 1.
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miTigaTing TransienT eVenTs in a se
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ON PREVIOUS PAGE Nonlinear simulati
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increasing power density and pulse
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of recent accomplishments that have
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ity limits have been maintained. in
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highly risky in such an environment
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proximity-coil-based magnetics is ~
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will dominate the external sources
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The barrier gradient is generally l
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interaction with plasma boundary an
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itER-at aRiES-i aRiES-at b n (%) 3.
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and morphology, are needed. new mea
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field and temperature fluctuations
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large-scale process control problem
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tics. integrated control methods fo
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ing and design include computationa
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dated in the corresponding structur
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These requirements are applicable t
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• assess computationally, on test
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Research Requirements for Electron
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the launcher design is partly “tr
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tunities and goals for a few of the
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front layers of the field magnets c
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R&D Strategy a number of critical t
Page 118 and 119: formance burning plasmas are covere
Page 120 and 121: CreaTing prediCTaBle, high-performa
Page 122 and 123: magneTs JosePh mineRvini, massachus
Page 124 and 125: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of the ITER
Page 126 and 127: to stabilize deleterious plasma mod
Page 128 and 129: longer than the (solid) thermal equ
Page 130 and 131: Promising new ideas have been devel
Page 132 and 133: to handle 10 mW/m 2 , and elms with
Page 134 and 135: • liquid surface PFc operation in
Page 136 and 137: integrated effort that includes fun
Page 138 and 139: Taming The plasma-maTerial inTerfaC
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Page 142 and 143: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Design of an ITER
Page 144 and 145: trons in the breeding blanket. Thes
Page 146 and 147: Safety and Environment • developm
Page 148 and 149: plasma and gas to the scrape-off la
Page 150 and 151: gaps: need to select and test the t
Page 152 and 153: • neutron and other radiation tra
Page 154 and 155: emphasis on modeling and expertise
Page 156 and 157: gap: Current understanding of stren
Page 158 and 159: Research needs critical research ne
Page 160 and 161: • Proposing integrated safety des
Page 162 and 163: • techniques and instruments to a
Page 164 and 165: Qualifying DEMO Components Possible
Page 166 and 167: • developing the design of an eff
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Page 172 and 173: ON PREVIOUS PAGE Reconstruction of
Page 174 and 175: Figure 1. Configuration space for t
Page 176 and 177: of 40%.) localized instabilities (t
Page 178 and 179: • Reduction of spheromak magnetic
Page 180 and 181: ment, but also micro- and macro-ins
Page 182 and 183: esearch requirements • evaluate t
Page 184 and 185: the banana regime, low turbulent tr
Page 186 and 187: in stellarator discharges with ohmi
Page 188 and 189: • investigate how demountable coi
Page 190 and 191: tion using a central solenoid is al
Page 192 and 193: functions, edge flows, and edge neu
Page 194 and 195: Development of predictive capabilit
Page 196 and 197: Edge localized modes (ELMs): edge l
Page 198 and 199: theory predictions for alfvén inst
Page 200 and 201: coils, to permit replacement of the
Page 202 and 203: stand the relative roles of long-to
Page 204 and 205: Table 1. 202
Page 206 and 207: primarily electrostatic, in the cas
Page 208 and 209: to be important in present experime
Page 210 and 211: PLaSMa bOunDaRy intERaCtiOnS The ex
Page 212 and 213: calized field errors that can cause
Page 214 and 215: needed Theory, Computation, Modelin
Page 216 and 217: Scientific Issues and research requ
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esearch requirements new facilities
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small, concept exploration experime
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tRanSPORt: DEtERMinE unDERLying tRa
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esearch requirements analysis of ne
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nEEDED FaCiLitiES nEEDED tHEORy, CO
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connections Between Research Requir
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opTimizing The magneTiC ConfiguraTi
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Proposed actions: • Prioritize bu
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3) as planning matures for the rese
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that have high impact, that benefit
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could have an impact on the identif
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The Us fusion program is well posit
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Mitigation of disruptions in the ev
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elevant plasmas for very long pulse
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and stability, and mitigation requi
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• control alpha heating feedback
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heavy ion beam probes (already in u
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alpha particles (ash removal). mode
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• determine minimum heating power
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Research should focus on developing
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estal structure need to be coupled
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• sufficient heating with little
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Proposed actions: Short-term: begin
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Demonstrate active control of the p
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Demonstrate burn control and contro
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Develop the means for and demonstra
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Medium-term: Test and optimize full
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276
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• Recruit, train and support dedi
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With this information in hand, phys
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to carry out the validation program
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and new devices could be designed w
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• high-field sc magnets for stead
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Element 2 — High current conducto
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Element 7 — integration of conduc
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many other scientific fields are be
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• based on these assessments, pro
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systems include neutral beams, ion
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The Us d-t facility, studied in 1b,
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300
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• design and implement innovation
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the controlling instabilities and s
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cross-field transport in the pedest
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The modeling of near-surface plasma
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• build large-size test stands wh
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trol of the energy, impact angle, a
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ties that take advantage of simple
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ased materials development with adv
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introduction Thrust 11 addresses th
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technology is now evolving to inclu
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The elements of a thrust to develop
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The plasma facing components in a d
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to demonstrate that steady and tran
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mum of nuclear activation and prese
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332
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introduction harnessing fusion powe
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each Thrust 13 element includes the
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Figure 3. System concept for perfor
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equirements. Understanding the fuel
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• Use a combination of existing a
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chemical interactions between the s
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dose fusion-relevant environment wi
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Use a combination of existing and n
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350
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evaluate, through advanced design a
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at the time when the demo design is
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3. Computational analysis managemen
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Materials and Components: Fuel Cycl
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• employ energetic particle beams
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• develop and validate theoretica
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• develop new diagnostics for int
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• increase sustained noninductive
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368
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Proposed actions: 1. conduct two qu
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The key areas in which new knowledg
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• exploration of high-temperature
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• availability of high-power radi
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378
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• study FRc stability at small io
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techniques for integrated data anal
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4. based on the outcome of actions
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2. With information from action 1,
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388
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aCROnyMS anD abbREViatiOnS (continu
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aPPENdix c: tHEME WoRKSHoPS tHEME W
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14. d.l. humphreys, Active Realtime
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tHEME 2: CREating PREDiCtabLE HigH-
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43. t.W. Petrie, White Paper: Some
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tHEME 3: taMing tHE PLaSMa MatERiaL
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37. e.J. strait, J.c. Wesley, m.J.
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20. s.a. maloy and e. Pitcher, Fusi
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tHEME 5: OPtiMizing tHE MagnEtiC CO
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39. P.W. terry, a. boozer, J.s. sar
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don coRRell, lawrence livermore nat
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GeoRGe mckee, University of Wiscons
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tony tayloR, General atomics RichaR
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