A Review of Highway Agencies in the South Asia Region

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A Review of Highway Agencies in the South Asia Region India* Sri Lanka 69.2 Sri Lanka Nepal Pakistan Bangladesh 2.8 8.8 A relative comparison of road length in the region shows the leading position of India and Sri Lanka in terms of high road density (Figure 2.1). Nepal has a clear lead over Pakistan and Bangladesh, although this is more pronounced when expressed per 100,000 people. In fact, when considering the surface density, Sri Lanka and India have a much higher value. Figure 2.1: Road infrastructure benchmark for South Asia Density of main road network (national) Density of main road network (national) 40.6 98.9 22 India* Nepal Bangladesh Pakistan 1.4 km road/100,000 people 2 km road/100 km area * Inclusive of national highways and expressways; the respective figures for India would be 105 kilometer (km) of road per 100,000 people and 33 km per 100 square km (km 2 ). However, these roads are not necessarily managed at the state level. Source: As in Table 2.1, population and area data used for calculations are the latest available with the United Nations. Figure 2.2 shows the development of road transport, for both passengers and freight, in India over the past 60 years and the projected development in the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12). The main growth has occurred in passenger transport, which is expected to show a stronger growth than freight transport. The growth during the 11th Five Year Plan, in particular, exceeds previous growth rates with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of close to 20 percent. The development of freight transport is more in line with historic development. As this growth is linked to economic development, the development for the other countries will be similar, though possibly less pronounced due to lower economic growth (Figure 1.1). 2.2 Road Sector Policies, Key Priorities and Programs South Asia in General Of the highway agencies studied for this report, 60 percent have road policies in place, 40 percent prepare annual reports, and about 80 to 83 percent indicated that they had longterm strategic plans in place (Figure 2.3). The policy documents and plans reviewed have a strong focus on advocating PPP and contain targets for performance (primarily but not exclusively in outcome/output terms). Most highway agencies use these targets to guide their budgeting process. Investment plans and vision documents are less common in the road sector in South Asia. Only the annual report and road policy are regularly published. Examples of targets in some of the plan documents for Sri Lanka and a few states in India include: 6.4 2.5 17.9 31.0
A Review of Highway Agencies in the South Asia Region Figure 2.2: Historic and forecasted demand for road transport in India Billion passenger km 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Planning Commission of India, for forecasts. Figure 2.3: Formal documents in place, and publication of documents and indicators by highway agencies Road Policy Investment plan/ Road Master Plan Vision document Annual reports Are any of these published regularly? Passenger road transport CAGR 10% 1990 2000 20% 20% CAGR 10.5-10.8% 2001 2002 2003 2004 40% 2005 2006 2007* 2008* CAGR 19.8% 60% 60% 2009* 2010* 2011* Realised Minimum forecast Maximum forecast Note: RIS: Road Information System; RMMS: Road Maintenance Management System; HR: human resource Billion freight km on road 23 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Planning for RIS/RMMS has been setup development, programming of projects Computerization Contract administration, has taken place dispute resolution There is a HR/Training strategy Financial management information system Using a set procurement strategy and/or standard bid documents Mechanical IT related functions A Road Corporation/Board has been established Library Website launched Compliant with Right Design to Information of roads Act A Road Fund has been established Central level lab an/or R&D Budget Maintenance tracking studies planning are undertaken and programming Design of bridges Road freight transport CAGR 9.1% 2001 2002 There is a Financial Management Strategy There are procedures for grievance redressal Undertakes PPP initiatives Other reforms have taken place CAGR 8.9-9.1% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 2008* 40% 60% 60% CAGR 7.7-9.1% 70% 80% 80% 80% 70% 60% 50% 70% 50% 70% 2009* 2010* Realised Minimum forecast Maximum forecast 0% 30% 30% 70% 70% 70% 70% 2011* 80% 80%
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land management f) Environment impa
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Transport Division Transport, Water
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A Review of Highway Agencies in the South Asia Region

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