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139 Wahyunto et al. 2004 (before the Tsunami) and Landsat-7 taken on 29-30 December 2004 and January 2005 (after the Tsunami), IKONOS and SPOT (after tsunami). (2) Topographic maps available for the whole of study areas at 1:50.000 scale printed by Bakosurtanal in 1975-1995. (3) Land Unit and Soil Maps of Takengon sheet at 1:250,000 scale (Darul Sukma et al., 1990), covering the whole districts of Aceh Barat. Physiographic region or land unit delineation was based on physical characteristics phenomenon such as: parent material, soil drainage, slope steepness, natural land use etc. Boundaries of land units were generated based on analysis of Digital SPOT-5 image and designed to match with topographic map at scale 1:50,000. The elineation of land units which could be used as mapping unit occurred by means on screen digitising. Landsat TM-5 digital image was also used to provide additional information. Although the initial analysis were mainly morphological and lithological, these may already take account of information on soils. The interpretation and analysis refers to the Guidelines for Landform Classification ( Dessaunettes J.R., and J.F. Harop.1975; Buurman et al., 1990 and Marsoedi Ds et al., 1997). This interpretation has to be checked in the field and, in addition, data on soils and the relation between soil and landscape have to be gathered. The content of each soil mapping unit especially on soil characteristics has to be established. Ideally, each physiographic mapping unit with development potential should be covered by one or more sample areas/ lines. Therefore, areas (sampling) that have no potential especially for agricultural crops (including tree crops and food crops) such as mountainous and forested conservation areas, should be kept at a minimum. Areas with lack of accessibility such as rugged terrain, deep peat, and forested conservation areas, were based on very limited field checks and mainly based on image interpretation and extrapolation. During field observations, all major landscapes were studied, either by cross sections or by random observations. Soils representing the physiographic mapping unit were described in profile minipits and sampled for laboratory analysis. All field descriptions of profile minipits and cores were coded on special forms that were developed in advance. Coding from these forms were stored in computer format. The field observations were based on the Guidelines for soil observation in the field prepared by ISRI (2004), and Guidelines for Soil Profiles Description (FAO, 1974). Soil Classification at sub-group level was based on the Keys to Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 2003). Soil characteristics were studied: depth of soil horizons (soil layers), the smelt of sulfidic material (if any), color of soil matrix and their mixture, soil textures, soil ripeness, soil pH measured with pH meter, and crops performance. Soil sample of 1 kg from first (top layer) and International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
140 Wahyunto et al. second layer of each representative profile were collected, and labeled. The number of soil samples collected were based on the variation of land units, soil and land use. Therefore, 206 soil samples and 13 water samples have been selected for laboratory analysis. The physiographic mapping unit descriptions contain a lot of parameters for land evaluation purposes, that can only be filled in at a later stage, after laboratory analyses of soil and water samples. Soil, climate and other physical environment data (slope, surface drainage etc) were used to assess land suitability levels of various agricultural commodities. Some parameters and ratings of land characteristics for evaluating certain crops suitability were modified based on field performance. Therefore, Physiographic Mapping Unit (PMU) is established in order to present the information of soil characteristic and its environment distribution that have similar potential development for agriculture. Soil mapping unit is based on the similarity of terrain, slope, soil surface texture, drainage, and organic layer thickness, and tidal or flood inundation. Land suitability evaluation for selected economic tree crops and other agricultural crops were conducted be by using Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) software package. The crop requirements were based on “Guidelines for Land Evaluation” by ISRI (2003) and related references. Adaptation to the guidelines was made as necessary based on field and laboratory findings. The process of this evaluation is the matching of crop requirements against land qualities or characteristics. The law of minimum is applied to determine the limiting factors of land suitability classes. Selected land quality in this evaluation includes air temperature regimes, water availability, rooting condition, nutrient retention, availability of NPK nutrients, salinity and toxic elements. In this present study, four suitability classes are recognized including in the Order S Suitability, together with the following names and recommendations (class S1 highly suitable, class S2 Moderately suitable and class S3 Marginally suitable) and the Order N Not suitable. RESULTS AND DICUSSIONS General Physical Condition of Study Area Administratively Aceh Barat District consists of 11 sub-districts (kecamatan), 33 mukims and 314 villages with Meulaboh as the capital. There are coastal four sub-districts, Arongan Lambalek, Samatiga, Johan Pahlawan and Meurebo that contain approximately 60% of the total population (Bappeda Kabupaten Aceh Barat, 2005). All the coastal sub-districts were affected by the tsunami, and the study focussed on these four districts. International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
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Proceedings International Workshop
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iii FOREWORD The active subduction
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Ladies and Gentlemen, v We are situ
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Ladies and Gentlemen, vii The time
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ix sediment, soil and water salinit
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xi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .....
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1 Harjadi PJP INDONESIA TSUNAMI EAR
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3 Harjadi PJP Figure 3. Site distri
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5 Harjadi PJP The Operational compo
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7 Harjadi PJP National Coordinating
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9 Harjadi PJP • UNESCO, IOC, ITIC
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2.5. Buoys (BPPT) 11 Harjadi PJP Be
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4. Situation Center 13 Harjadi PJP
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Figure 18. The decision support sys
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Figure 20. Observation perspective
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Figure 23. Five in one information
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21 Niino Y AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS IN
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23 Niino Y rehabilitation of salt-a
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25 Niino Y who lost their crops, li
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27 Niino Y damage afflicting agricu
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29 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS N
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31 Niino Y − Income generation th
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33 Abubakar and Basri REHABILITATIO
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35 Abubakar and Basri Table 1. Ligh
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37 Abubakar and Basri Table 3. Thic
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39 Abubakar and Basri Table 5. Padd
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CONCLUSIONS 41 Abubakar and Basri R
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43 MANAGING TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOILS
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45 Slavich et al. Figure 3. Tsunami
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47 Slavich et al. they were not aff
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49 Slavich et al. factors observed
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51 DYNAMICS OF TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOI
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53 Rachman et al. measured using th
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55 Rachman et al. Table 2. Characte
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57 Rachman et al. Figure 2. Distrib
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59 Rachman et al. complex are domin
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Soil depth (cm) B Soil depth (cm) C
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63 Rachman et al. empty pods. The f
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65 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF FARMING O
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67 Agus F of North America, Europe
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International Workshop on Post Tsun
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IMPLICATIONS 71 Agus F Land suitabi
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73 Agus F Proceedings of the 12th I
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75 POST-TSUNAMI AGRICULTURE LIVELIH
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Nagapattinam Background Geographica
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79 Mohan GMC extensively in compari
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81 Mohan GMC NGOs wherever there wa
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83 Mohan GMC Between February’05
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1.7. Constraints: 85 Mohan GMC •
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87 Mohan GMC The successful first y
Page 102 and 103: 89 Joshi L ACCELERATING LIVELIHOOD
Page 104 and 105: POVERTY AND TREE CROPS 91 Joshi L P
Page 106 and 107: 93 Joshi L The survey conducted in
Page 108 and 109: CONCLUSIONS 95 Joshi L Aceh and Nia
Page 110 and 111: 97 Sembiring et al. IMPLICATIONS OF
Page 112 and 113: 99 Sembiring et al. level of tolera
Page 114 and 115: 101 Sembiring et al. Leaching, soil
Page 116 and 117: 103 Sembiring et al. Aceh Barat. Th
Page 118 and 119: 105 Sembiring et al. lowland rice t
Page 120 and 121: 107 Sembiring et al. and developmen
Page 122 and 123: 109 Iskandar and Chairunas PALAWIJA
Page 124 and 125: 111 Iskandar and Chairunas Tunong V
Page 126 and 127: 113 Iskandar and Chairunas DPTPH Pr
Page 128 and 129: 115 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR P
Page 130 and 131: 117 Shea et al. Material support wa
Page 132 and 133: TRANSPORTATION 119 Shea et al. Duri
Page 134 and 135: 121 Shea et al. As highlighted duri
Page 136 and 137: 123 Shea et al. Connection Centers:
Page 138 and 139: 125 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 140 and 141: 127 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 142 and 143: MEDIA FOR WOMEN FARMERS 129 Shea et
Page 144 and 145: 131 McLeod et al. SOIL SALINITY ASS
Page 146 and 147: 133 Figure 1. Locations of assessme
Page 148 and 149: 135 McLeod et al. fields after the
Page 150 and 151: 137 Wahyunto et al. ASSESSMENT OF A
Page 154 and 155: 141 Wahyunto et al. Since the major
Page 156 and 157: 143 Wahyunto et al. Table 1. Existi
Page 158 and 159: 145 Wahyunto et al. low fertility),
Page 160 and 161: 147 Wahyunto et al. Table 2. Method
Page 162 and 163: CONCLUSIONS 149 Wahyunto et al. Lan
Page 164 and 165: 151 Wahyunto et al. FAO. 1976. Fram
Page 166 and 167: 153 Sammut et al. TECHNICAL CAPACIT
Page 168 and 169: 155 Sammut et al. associated manage
Page 170 and 171: 157 Sammut et al. Tarunamulia, 2006
Page 172 and 173: 159 Sammut et al. Unfortunately, a
Page 174 and 175: 161 Sammut et al. Gosavi K, Sammut
Page 176 and 177: 163 Chairunas DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY
Page 178 and 179: 165 Chairunas Table 1. The average
Page 180 and 181: REFERENCES 167 Chairunas BPS. 2007.
Page 182 and 183: 169 List of Participants Internatio
Page 184 and 185: 171 Didi Ardi S., Dr. Indonesian So
Page 186 and 187: 173 Irawan, Dr. Indonesian Soil Res
Page 188 and 189: 175 Mulyadi, Mr Indonesian Institut
Page 190 and 191: 177 Subhan, Mr Institute for Vegeta
Page 192 and 193: 179 Astu Unadi, Dr. Kepala Balitkli
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