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137 Wahyunto et al. ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS SUITABILITY FOR POST-TSUNAMI CALAMITY A Case Study of Coastal Area of Aceh Barat District Wahyunto 1 , Sofyan Ritung 1 , Wahyu Wahdini 1 and Fahmuddin Agus 2 1 Indonesian Centre for Agriculture Land Resources Research and Development; 2 Indonesian Soil Research Institute Abstract Tree farming was dominant in the west coast prior to tsunami. Tree crops provide sustainable livelihoods and environmental protection. Efforts to reconstruct agriculture, including the tree crop component, need to be accelerated to prepare farmers to depend again on themselves after being heavily supported. Among the most pressing information required by the community is agricultural crop options that are based on land suitability evaluation. The requirements for growth of various crops can be obtained from a guideline developed by Indonesian Soil Research Institute in 2003. Land evaluation is conducted by matching (comparing) between land characteristics in every mapping unit with its crop requirements. The process can be carried out by computerized system such as the Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) software or manually if only a few points or mapping units are to be evaluated. Land suitability classifications are defined based on their most serious limiting factors. To interpret the combination of land suitability class screening was conducted to match the suitability with regional and district development plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Daerah) and existing land uses. Based on our evaluation, the potentially suitable tree crops in the marine ecosystem are: (i) coconut, cacao, coffee and coastal pine trees for areas close to the coastal line and (ii) areca nut, rambutan, manggo, rubber and oil palm in the ancient sandy beach. In the alluvial ecosystem the suitable crops include coconut, cacao, areca nut, manggo, bread fruit and cacao. In the valley floor and backswamp the suitable crops included lowland rice and other food crops. In the peat land of less than 3 m deep the potentially suitable tree crops are oil palm and rubber while peat land deeper than 3 meters is recommended for conservation due to it’s unstable ecosystem. In the undulating to rolling tectonic plain, the potentially suitable tree crops are rubber, oil palm, coconut and rambutan. Key words: Agricultural crops, land suitability, post tsunami calamity, remote sensing, GIS, Coastal areas of Aceh Barat district International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
INTRODUCTION 138 Wahyunto et al. The agricultural sector played an important role in the economic development of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province prior to the 2004 tsunami. It contributed around 60% of village income, and about 48% of villagers engage in agriculture (Subagyono et al., 2005). Agricultural land along the coast affected by tsunami in Aceh Barat district including perennial tree crops and annual crops, was about 24.7%. The disaster caused at least 6,7% (763 family) farms death or disappeared and 64% irrigation network damages (Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi NAD, 2005). Dense tree cover along the coastal line can attenuate the power of small and moderate waves of a tsunami. Tree crops provide sustainable livelihoods and environmental protection. Efforts to reconstruct agriculture, including the tree crop component, need to be accelerated to prepare farmers to depend again on themselves after being heavily supported. Reconstruction of damaged land requires careful planning based on nature and suitability of land for different crops. The requirements for growth of various crops can be obtained from a guideline developed by Indonesian Soil Research Institute in 2003. Land evaluation is conducted by matching (comparing) between land characteristics in every mapping unit with its crop requirements. The process can be carried out by computerized system such as the Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) software or manually if only a few points or mapping units are to be evaluated. Land suitability classifications are defined based on their most serious limiting factors. The result of land evaluation will give information or guidance for proper land uses and finally, it will give the value of expected production. In this regard, an appropriate methodology supported by accurate data and information will be most important element concerning the land-use planning. Remote sensing and GIS techniques provide an efficient technology with capabilities of capturing, generating and analyzing the spatial data as well as integrating the statistical and quantitative data. The purpose of study is to have relatively accurate information for that part of tsunami disaster affected areas especially for coastal region of Aceh Barat district that has potential for development of tree crops and other agricultural crops, through land evaluation assessment by applying remote sensing and GIS techniques approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following images and maps were used in this study: (1) Satellite images including Landsat TM-5 and Landsat-7 taken in 2003 and International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
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Proceedings International Workshop
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iii FOREWORD The active subduction
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Ladies and Gentlemen, v We are situ
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Ladies and Gentlemen, vii The time
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ix sediment, soil and water salinit
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xi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .....
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1 Harjadi PJP INDONESIA TSUNAMI EAR
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3 Harjadi PJP Figure 3. Site distri
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5 Harjadi PJP The Operational compo
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7 Harjadi PJP National Coordinating
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9 Harjadi PJP • UNESCO, IOC, ITIC
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2.5. Buoys (BPPT) 11 Harjadi PJP Be
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4. Situation Center 13 Harjadi PJP
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Figure 18. The decision support sys
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Figure 20. Observation perspective
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Figure 23. Five in one information
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21 Niino Y AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS IN
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23 Niino Y rehabilitation of salt-a
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25 Niino Y who lost their crops, li
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27 Niino Y damage afflicting agricu
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29 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS N
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31 Niino Y − Income generation th
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33 Abubakar and Basri REHABILITATIO
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35 Abubakar and Basri Table 1. Ligh
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37 Abubakar and Basri Table 3. Thic
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39 Abubakar and Basri Table 5. Padd
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CONCLUSIONS 41 Abubakar and Basri R
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43 MANAGING TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOILS
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45 Slavich et al. Figure 3. Tsunami
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47 Slavich et al. they were not aff
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49 Slavich et al. factors observed
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51 DYNAMICS OF TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOI
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53 Rachman et al. measured using th
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55 Rachman et al. Table 2. Characte
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57 Rachman et al. Figure 2. Distrib
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59 Rachman et al. complex are domin
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Soil depth (cm) B Soil depth (cm) C
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63 Rachman et al. empty pods. The f
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65 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF FARMING O
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67 Agus F of North America, Europe
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International Workshop on Post Tsun
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IMPLICATIONS 71 Agus F Land suitabi
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73 Agus F Proceedings of the 12th I
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75 POST-TSUNAMI AGRICULTURE LIVELIH
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Nagapattinam Background Geographica
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79 Mohan GMC extensively in compari
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81 Mohan GMC NGOs wherever there wa
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83 Mohan GMC Between February’05
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1.7. Constraints: 85 Mohan GMC •
Page 100 and 101: 87 Mohan GMC The successful first y
Page 102 and 103: 89 Joshi L ACCELERATING LIVELIHOOD
Page 104 and 105: POVERTY AND TREE CROPS 91 Joshi L P
Page 106 and 107: 93 Joshi L The survey conducted in
Page 108 and 109: CONCLUSIONS 95 Joshi L Aceh and Nia
Page 110 and 111: 97 Sembiring et al. IMPLICATIONS OF
Page 112 and 113: 99 Sembiring et al. level of tolera
Page 114 and 115: 101 Sembiring et al. Leaching, soil
Page 116 and 117: 103 Sembiring et al. Aceh Barat. Th
Page 118 and 119: 105 Sembiring et al. lowland rice t
Page 120 and 121: 107 Sembiring et al. and developmen
Page 122 and 123: 109 Iskandar and Chairunas PALAWIJA
Page 124 and 125: 111 Iskandar and Chairunas Tunong V
Page 126 and 127: 113 Iskandar and Chairunas DPTPH Pr
Page 128 and 129: 115 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR P
Page 130 and 131: 117 Shea et al. Material support wa
Page 132 and 133: TRANSPORTATION 119 Shea et al. Duri
Page 134 and 135: 121 Shea et al. As highlighted duri
Page 136 and 137: 123 Shea et al. Connection Centers:
Page 138 and 139: 125 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 140 and 141: 127 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 142 and 143: MEDIA FOR WOMEN FARMERS 129 Shea et
Page 144 and 145: 131 McLeod et al. SOIL SALINITY ASS
Page 146 and 147: 133 Figure 1. Locations of assessme
Page 148 and 149: 135 McLeod et al. fields after the
Page 152 and 153: 139 Wahyunto et al. 2004 (before th
Page 154 and 155: 141 Wahyunto et al. Since the major
Page 156 and 157: 143 Wahyunto et al. Table 1. Existi
Page 158 and 159: 145 Wahyunto et al. low fertility),
Page 160 and 161: 147 Wahyunto et al. Table 2. Method
Page 162 and 163: CONCLUSIONS 149 Wahyunto et al. Lan
Page 164 and 165: 151 Wahyunto et al. FAO. 1976. Fram
Page 166 and 167: 153 Sammut et al. TECHNICAL CAPACIT
Page 168 and 169: 155 Sammut et al. associated manage
Page 170 and 171: 157 Sammut et al. Tarunamulia, 2006
Page 172 and 173: 159 Sammut et al. Unfortunately, a
Page 174 and 175: 161 Sammut et al. Gosavi K, Sammut
Page 176 and 177: 163 Chairunas DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY
Page 178 and 179: 165 Chairunas Table 1. The average
Page 180 and 181: REFERENCES 167 Chairunas BPS. 2007.
Page 182 and 183: 169 List of Participants Internatio
Page 184 and 185: 171 Didi Ardi S., Dr. Indonesian So
Page 186 and 187: 173 Irawan, Dr. Indonesian Soil Res
Page 188 and 189: 175 Mulyadi, Mr Indonesian Institut
Page 190 and 191: 177 Subhan, Mr Institute for Vegeta
Page 192 and 193: 179 Astu Unadi, Dr. Kepala Balitkli
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