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PENTAERYTHRITOLTETRANITRATE (PETN) 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemical and Physical Description.’ PETN, C5H,N,01,, forms colorless prismatic crystals that together appear white and opaque. Its name differs in various countries: PETN, Penthrite, and Penta in English-speaking countries; Pentrit, Niperyth, Nitropenta, and NP in Germany; and TEN in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1.2 Common Use. PETN is used extensively in detonators, detonating fuzes, and priming compositions. Mixed with another explosive or an inert material, it is used as the main explosive charge in grenades, small-caliber projectiles, and demolition devices. For example, Primacord, a detonating fuze, consists of a tube of waterproofed textile filled with finely powdered PETN. 1.3 Toxicity.a Because PETN is insoluble in water, it is slightly toxic. The recommended maximum atmospheric concentration for an 8-h period is 15 mg/m”. 130
2. MANUFACTURE AND PROCUREMENT PETN 2.1 Manufacture.a Acetaldehyde, aldol, or crotonaldehyde is condensed with formaldehyde in aqueous solution, in the presence of lime, to form pentaerythritol, which is nitrated with 96% nitric acid at 22-23°C to give PETN. The PETN is filtered, washed with water, and recrystallized from acetone by running acetone solution into water. 2.2 Procurement. Purchase is under Military Specification MIL-P-387B, dated November 7,1967. 2.3 Shipping.’ Bulk PETN is shipped by common carrier as a Class A explosive. It must be shipped wet with at least 40 wt% water. 2.4 Storage.6 PETN is stored wet in Compatibility Group D. In certain condi- tions, it may be stored dry in Compatibility Group A. Wet or dry, PETN is in Storage Class 1.1. 3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.1 Structural Formula. 02N-0-CH2-d-CH,-O-NO, I 131
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LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERI
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University of California Press Berk
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PART II. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY P
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treats pure explosives first, alpha
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EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE
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BARATOL 2.3 Shipping.2 Baratol is s
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BARATOL 6 5.4 Thermal Conductivity.
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BARATOL 6.2 Detonation Pressure. We
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BARATOL REFERENCES . . 1. N. I. Sax
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COMP B slowly. Heating and stirring
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COMP B 14 3.3 Solubility.‘The sol
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COMP B 16 5.3 Heat Capacity. Heat C
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COMP B 18 6.2 Detonation Pressure.
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COMP B 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.12J8 Com
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COMP B 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 22
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CYCLOTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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CYCLOTOL 26 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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CYCLOTOL 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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CYCLOTOL where D = detonation veloc
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CYCLOTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Den
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DATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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DATB 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Cry
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DATB 5.4 Thermal Conductivity, Cond
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DATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.9 Density k
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HMX* 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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HMX 3.2 Molecular Weight. 296.17 3.
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HMX 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 46 5.1 Ph
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HMX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1 De
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HMX 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.” Density
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NITROGUANIDINE 1. GENERAL PROPERTIE
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NQ 54 4.2 Density.’ Crystal Metho
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NQ 56 5.6 Heats of Combustion and F
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NQ 6.2 Detonation Pressure. There a
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NQ 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop Weight I
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OCTOL These are shipped to an ordna
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64 OCTOL 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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OCTOL 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 66 5.1
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OCTOL 68 6.4 Plate Dent Test Result
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OCTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Weight
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PBX 9011 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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PBX 9011 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9011 76 5.5 Coefficient of Ther
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PBX 9011 78 6.3 Cylinder Test Resul
Page 88 and 89: PBX 9011 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
Page 90 and 91: PBX 9011 82 9.3 Compressive Strengt
Page 92 and 93: PBX9404 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
Page 94 and 95: PBX 9404 86 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
Page 96 and 97: PBX 9404 88 4.3 Infrared Spectrum.
Page 98 and 99: PBX 9404 > 1 1 o- r 0 I I I, / PYRO
Page 100 and 101: PBX 9404 7. SHOCK INITIATION PROPER
Page 102 and 103: PBX 9404 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
Page 104 and 105: PBX 9404 8.5 Spark Sensitivity. Ele
Page 106 and 107: PBX 9404 REFERENCE‘S 1. Committee
Page 108 and 109: PBX 9407 2.3 Shipping.2 PBX-9407 mo
Page 110 and 111: PBX 9407 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
Page 112 and 113: PBX 9407 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES I
Page 114 and 115: PBX 9407 106 7.2 Wedge Test Results
Page 116 and 117: PBX 9407 9.3 Compressive Strength a
Page 118 and 119: PBX 9501 2.3 Shipping.* PBX-9501mol
Page 120 and 121: PBX 9501 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 112
Page 122 and 123: PBX 9501 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
Page 124 and 125: PBX 9501 7.3 Shock Hugoniot. Densit
Page 126 and 127: PBX 9501 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
Page 128 and 129: PBX9502 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
Page 130 and 131: PBX 9502 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
Page 132 and 133: PBX 9502 124 5.3 Heat Capacity. 5.4
Page 134 and 135: PBX 9502 6.3 Cylinder Test Results.
Page 136 and 137: PBX 9502 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1
Page 140 and 141: PETN 3.2 Molecular Weight. 316.15 3
Page 142 and 143: PETN 4.4 Refractive Indices.s Omega
Page 144 and 145: PETN 5.7 Thermal Decomposition Kine
Page 146 and 147: PETN 138 7.2 Wedge Test Results. De
Page 148 and 149: , PETN 5. US Army Materiel Command,
Page 150 and 151: RDX developed into a continuous hig
Page 152 and 153: RDX 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
Page 154 and 155: RDX 146 5.2 Vapor Pressure.8 Temper
Page 156 and 157: RDX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 148 6.
Page 158 and 159: RDX 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.” 8. SENSI
Page 160 and 161: TATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
Page 162 and 163: TATB TATB solubility in sulfuric ac
Page 164 and 165: TATB 5.2 Vapor Pressure.6 A least s
Page 166 and 167: TATB I / / I I I I I I I ! \ I 1 \
Page 168 and 169: TATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.“+ A num
Page 170 and 171: TATB REFERENCES 1. T. M Benziger an
Page 172 and 173: TETRYL acetone. In the second proce
Page 174 and 175: TETRYL 2.5 100 80 60 % T 40 20 0 :;
Page 176 and 177: TETRYL 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1
Page 178 and 179: TETRYL 7.5 Detonation Failure Thick
Page 180 and 181: TNT 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemi
Page 182 and 183: TNT 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
Page 184 and 185: TNT 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See Fig.
Page 186 and 187: TNT 178 5.5 Coefficient of Thermal
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TNT The charge preparation method a
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TNT 182 6.4 Plate Dent Test Results
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TNT 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.2aJ4 Densit
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TNT 9.3 Compressive Strength and Mo
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XTX8003 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8003 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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XTX 8003 5.7 Thermal Decomposition
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XTX 8003 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop We
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XTX8004 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8004 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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XTX 8004 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY IP
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Explosive Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatex/20
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Explosive PBX 9007 PBX 9010 PBX 901
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Explosive Constituents X-0234-60 X-
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Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatexl20 Amatexl30
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NQ octo1 PAT0 Explosive PBX 9007 PB
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X-0234-60 X-0234-70 X-0234-80 X-028
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 2. THERMAL PROPE
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THERMAL PROPERTIES k2 = kl - (4, -
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Explosive PETN RDX TNT Table 2.03 C
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THERMAL PROPERTIES AEE = standard i
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THERMAL PROPERTIES Fig. 2.02. Pyrol
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,’ THERMAL PROPERTIES L Y !s :: B
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 228 Composition
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THERMAL PROPERTIES B Y !3 E E “I
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THERMAL PROPERTIES This assembly is
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3. DETONATION
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 236 Table 3.0
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Shot No. c-4394 E-4672 E-4067 E-406
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.06 CY
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Table 3.08 OCTOL DETONATION VELOCIT
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Rate Stick Shot ’ Diameter No. (m
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 246 Table 3.1
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Shot No. C-4436 E-3621 - Rate Stick
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Table 3.15 GENERAL CYLINDER TEST SH
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 252 Expansion
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Expansion Radius (mm) Table 3.19 X-
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N VI UY Table 3.21 X-0285 WALL VELO
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.25 X-
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Explosive Table 3.26 DETONATION (C-
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Analysis Line
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Explosive Tab
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.4 Plate Den
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Exnlosive Table 3.46 (continued) De
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Explosive PBX 9501 x-0007 86 HMX/14
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85 RDX/lS Kel-F Explosive 88 RDXI12
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.47 LE
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.48 DE
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES PETN Ba
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES each sh
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SHOCK INITIATION’PROPERTIES Table
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 300 i;
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w R Table 4.04 NITROMETHANE Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 304 Tab
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 306 / D
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 308 2 0
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Table 4.06 (continued) Coordinates
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 312 I-
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 316 05
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Table 4.07 PETN (SINGLE CRYSTAL) Co
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Table 4.08 (continued) Shot Number
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 324 2 u
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 334 2T
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Initial Shock Parameters Table 4.12
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 342 Ini
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3 *a i 8 3 x j > f m e c u,, = (2.3
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 348 Dis
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w ul 0 Composition 95 wt% DATB, 5 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 5.5- 5.
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5 Table 4.17 (continued) Coordinate
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 40- 20
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Shot E-3120 3.370 $0.022 E-3131 2.4
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_. Shot Number E-771 E-781 B-4481 B
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 364 2 I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 366 0.6
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Composi
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Table 4.21 X-0219-50-14-10 Composit
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Composition 95 wt% NQ, 5 wt% Estane
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Shot Number (G?a) E-3245 16.2 5.904
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 380 c x
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w R Table 4.24 (continued) Reduced
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Table 4.25 XTX-8003 (EXTEX) Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 386 a--
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Table 4.27 PBX 9407 Compositon 94 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 390 3 g
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Table 4.28 PBX 9405 Cotiposition 93
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 394 c 5
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% OY Table 4.30 x-0250-40-19 Compos
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 398 Dis
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Table 4.32 95 TATB/2.5 Kel-F 800/2.
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Table 4.39 (continued) Coordinates
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z Table 4.44 FKM CLASS VII PROPELLA
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Theoretical Maximum Density >1.910
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Ammonium picrate Raratol(76/24) mix
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HMX-Based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 PBX-950
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 0.360 c
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 432 I I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Explosi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES TRANSIT
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 442 FOI
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5. SENSITIVITY TE
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Ammonium nitrate Ammonium picrate B
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-’ .-- _- ..- _ “. Cyclotol75/2
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Explosive RDX-Based with Metal Fill
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.2 Skid Test. Th
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Explosive Comp A-3 1.638 45 PBX 901
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.3 Large-Scale D
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SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.4 Spark Sensiti
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GLOSSARY ABH Amatex-20 ATNI BDNPA B
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NP OFHC ONT P-16 P-22 P-40 P-80 P-1
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AUTHOR IND Ablard, J. E. 141, 151 A
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SUBJECT INDEX ABH 461 Alex/20 204,
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pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
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