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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.21. Minimum priming charge test assembly. Resin 93-022, Sylgard 182). This material was chosen because it can be loaded readily into the cavity, and it propagates a detonation in quite small diameters of test explosives. The l/2-in.-thick brass plate that covers the assembly partly con- fines the explosive react,ion and also serves as a locating ring for the 2-grain/ft mild detonating fuse (MDF) that carries the detonation from the detonator to the XTX 8003. The quantity varied is the diameter of the hemispherical cavity, and hence the volume and weight of the XTX 8003 booster. This is done by using a set of end mills whose tips have been ground so that they form cavities of the desired sizes. The cavity is filled by weighing out the required quantity of XTX 8003 (1.53-g/cm3 loading density), rolling it into a ball, and pressing it into place. The weight of XTX 8003 is increased and decreased in logarithmic steps of 0.1 log units, starting with 1.53 mg, until the quantity of XTX 8003 required to detonate the test charge in half the trials is found. 4.4 Rifle Bullet Test. Three tests have been used at LASL to determine the response of explosives to attack by rifle bullets. In the first test, a bare, 2-in.-diam by 3-in-long cylinder is placed in the V-notch of a plastic holder that rests on a steel plate. The projectile, a go-grain steel cylinder, roughly 0.3 in. in diameter and 0.5 in. long, is fired at the end of t,he charge by a .30 caliber rifle. The approximate bullet velocity is measured with velocity screens. A microphone or pressure transducer that measures the overpressure created by an event usually indicates either no overpressure or a pressure characteristic of a detonation. Results are expressed in terms of a critical velocity, Vcrit; the minimum velocity at which detonations were observed, V,,, min; and the maximum velocity at which no reactions were observed, Vinert ,,,ax. This test is another shock sensitivity test. The bullet velocity is an indirect indicator of the shock pressure required to initiate detonation. In the second and third tests, the explosive is confined in a l- by I.5-in. pipe nipple or a l-pint cardboard carton, respectively. Standard .30 and .50 caliber bullets weighing 153 and 700 grains are fired at velocities of 2755 and 2840 ft/s to attack the explosive. (In these tests the pipe nipple confinement is used for explosives cast or pressed to more than 95% of their crystal densities. The cardboard carton confine- 434
SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES ment is used1 to test explosives at their bulk densities.) In each case the bullet is fired at the clylindrical surface of the confinement vessel with the bullet velocity and caliber held constant. The results are expressed as follows: no explosion (NE), in which there is no explosive reaction; partial explosion (PE), in which some unconsumed explosive is recovered; explosion (E), in which no explosive is recovered; and complete explosion (CE), in which no explosive is recovered and the steel pipe nipple is recovered in small fragments. The difference between an explosion and complete explosion is subjective in that it depends upon the amplitude of the sound produced by the event and recovery of the debris. A test series usually consists of 10 to 20 shots, and the results are given as the probability of no explosion, PNE, and the probability of a complete explosion, P,,. Table 4.57 MINIMUM PRIMING CHARGE Minimum Priming Density Weight, W,, Explosive (kdcm3) hg) Pure Explosives Ammonium picrate 1.646 1790 DATB 1.707 26 TNT” 1.59 394 1.63 1260 Tetryl 1.692 4835 435
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LOS ALAMOS SERIES ON DYNAMIC MATERI
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University of California Press Berk
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PART II. EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY P
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treats pure explosives first, alpha
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EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY EXPLOSIVE
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BARATOL 2.3 Shipping.2 Baratol is s
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BARATOL 6 5.4 Thermal Conductivity.
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BARATOL 6.2 Detonation Pressure. We
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BARATOL REFERENCES . . 1. N. I. Sax
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COMP B slowly. Heating and stirring
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COMP B 14 3.3 Solubility.‘The sol
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COMP B 16 5.3 Heat Capacity. Heat C
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COMP B 18 6.2 Detonation Pressure.
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COMP B 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.12J8 Com
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COMP B 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 22
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CYCLOTOL 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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CYCLOTOL 26 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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CYCLOTOL 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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CYCLOTOL where D = detonation veloc
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CYCLOTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Den
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DATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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DATB 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Cry
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DATB 5.4 Thermal Conductivity, Cond
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DATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.9 Density k
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HMX* 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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HMX 3.2 Molecular Weight. 296.17 3.
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HMX 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 46 5.1 Ph
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HMX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1 De
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HMX 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.” Density
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NITROGUANIDINE 1. GENERAL PROPERTIE
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NQ 54 4.2 Density.’ Crystal Metho
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NQ 56 5.6 Heats of Combustion and F
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NQ 6.2 Detonation Pressure. There a
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NQ 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop Weight I
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OCTOL These are shipped to an ordna
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64 OCTOL 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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OCTOL 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 66 5.1
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OCTOL 68 6.4 Plate Dent Test Result
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OCTOL 8.3 Skid Test Results. Weight
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PBX 9011 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1
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PBX 9011 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9011 76 5.5 Coefficient of Ther
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PBX 9011 78 6.3 Cylinder Test Resul
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PBX 9011 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9011 82 9.3 Compressive Strengt
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PBX9404 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9404 86 3.2 Molecular Weight. C
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PBX 9404 88 4.3 Infrared Spectrum.
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PBX 9404 > 1 1 o- r 0 I I I, / PYRO
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PBX 9404 7. SHOCK INITIATION PROPER
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PBX 9404 7.5 Detonation Failure Thi
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PBX 9404 8.5 Spark Sensitivity. Ele
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PBX 9404 REFERENCE‘S 1. Committee
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PBX 9407 2.3 Shipping.2 PBX-9407 mo
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PBX 9407 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See
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PBX 9407 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES I
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PBX 9407 106 7.2 Wedge Test Results
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PBX 9407 9.3 Compressive Strength a
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PBX 9501 2.3 Shipping.* PBX-9501mol
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PBX 9501 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES 112
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PBX 9501 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PBX 9501 7.3 Shock Hugoniot. Densit
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PBX 9501 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
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PBX9502 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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PBX 9502 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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PBX 9502 124 5.3 Heat Capacity. 5.4
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PBX 9502 6.3 Cylinder Test Results.
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PBX 9502 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1
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PENTAERYTHRITOLTETRANITRATE (PETN)
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PETN 3.2 Molecular Weight. 316.15 3
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PETN 4.4 Refractive Indices.s Omega
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PETN 5.7 Thermal Decomposition Kine
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PETN 138 7.2 Wedge Test Results. De
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, PETN 5. US Army Materiel Command,
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RDX developed into a continuous hig
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RDX 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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RDX 146 5.2 Vapor Pressure.8 Temper
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RDX 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 148 6.
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RDX 7.3 Shock Hugoniot.” 8. SENSI
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TATB 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chem
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TATB TATB solubility in sulfuric ac
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TATB 5.2 Vapor Pressure.6 A least s
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TATB I / / I I I I I I I ! \ I 1 \
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TATB 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.“+ A num
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TATB REFERENCES 1. T. M Benziger an
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TETRYL acetone. In the second proce
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TETRYL 2.5 100 80 60 % T 40 20 0 :;
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TETRYL 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6.1
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TETRYL 7.5 Detonation Failure Thick
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TNT 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 Chemi
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TNT 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Crys
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TNT 4.3 Infrared Spectrum. See Fig.
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TNT 178 5.5 Coefficient of Thermal
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TNT The charge preparation method a
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TNT 182 6.4 Plate Dent Test Results
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TNT 7.3 Shock Hugoniots.2aJ4 Densit
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TNT 9.3 Compressive Strength and Mo
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XTX8003 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8003 3.3 Solubility.6 The solub
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XTX 8003 5.7 Thermal Decomposition
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XTX 8003 8. SENSITIVITY 8.1 Drop We
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XTX8004 1. GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.1 C
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XTX 8004 3.3 Solubility. The solubi
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XTX 8004 6. DETONATION PROPERTIES 6
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PART II EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES BY IP
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Explosive Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatex/20
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Explosive PBX 9007 PBX 9010 PBX 901
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Explosive Constituents X-0234-60 X-
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Alex/20 Alex/30 Amatexl20 Amatexl30
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NQ octo1 PAT0 Explosive PBX 9007 PB
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X-0234-60 X-0234-70 X-0234-80 X-028
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 2. THERMAL PROPE
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THERMAL PROPERTIES k2 = kl - (4, -
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Explosive PETN RDX TNT Table 2.03 C
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THERMAL PROPERTIES AEE = standard i
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THERMAL PROPERTIES Fig. 2.02. Pyrol
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,’ THERMAL PROPERTIES L Y !s :: B
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THERMAL PROPERTIES 228 Composition
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THERMAL PROPERTIES B Y !3 E E “I
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THERMAL PROPERTIES This assembly is
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3. DETONATION
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 236 Table 3.0
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Shot No. c-4394 E-4672 E-4067 E-406
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.06 CY
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Table 3.08 OCTOL DETONATION VELOCIT
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Rate Stick Shot ’ Diameter No. (m
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 246 Table 3.1
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Shot No. C-4436 E-3621 - Rate Stick
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Table 3.15 GENERAL CYLINDER TEST SH
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 252 Expansion
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Expansion Radius (mm) Table 3.19 X-
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N VI UY Table 3.21 X-0285 WALL VELO
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.25 X-
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Explosive Table 3.26 DETONATION (C-
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Analysis Line
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Explosive Tab
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DETONATION PROPERTIES 3.4 Plate Den
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Exnlosive Table 3.46 (continued) De
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Explosive PBX 9501 x-0007 86 HMX/14
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85 RDX/lS Kel-F Explosive 88 RDXI12
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.47 LE
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DETONATION PROPERTIES Table 3.48 DE
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES PETN Ba
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Fig. 4.
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES each sh
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SHOCK INITIATION’PROPERTIES Table
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 300 i;
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w R Table 4.04 NITROMETHANE Composi
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 304 Tab
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 306 / D
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 308 2 0
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Table 4.06 (continued) Coordinates
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 312 I-
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 316 05
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Table 4.07 PETN (SINGLE CRYSTAL) Co
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Table 4.08 (continued) Shot Number
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 324 2 u
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 334 2T
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Initial Shock Parameters Table 4.12
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 342 Ini
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3 *a i 8 3 x j > f m e c u,, = (2.3
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 348 Dis
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w ul 0 Composition 95 wt% DATB, 5 w
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 5.5- 5.
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5 Table 4.17 (continued) Coordinate
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 40- 20
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Shot E-3120 3.370 $0.022 E-3131 2.4
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_. Shot Number E-771 E-781 B-4481 B
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 364 2 I
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 366 0.6
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Composi
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Table 4.21 X-0219-50-14-10 Composit
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Composition 95 wt% NQ, 5 wt% Estane
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Shot Number (G?a) E-3245 16.2 5.904
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SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 380 c x
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w R Table 4.24 (continued) Reduced
Page 392 and 393: Table 4.25 XTX-8003 (EXTEX) Composi
Page 394 and 395: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 386 a--
Page 396 and 397: Table 4.27 PBX 9407 Compositon 94 w
Page 398 and 399: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 390 3 g
Page 400 and 401: Table 4.28 PBX 9405 Cotiposition 93
Page 402 and 403: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 394 c 5
Page 404 and 405: % OY Table 4.30 x-0250-40-19 Compos
Page 406 and 407: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 398 Dis
Page 408 and 409: Table 4.32 95 TATB/2.5 Kel-F 800/2.
Page 410 and 411: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 402 Tab
Page 416 and 417: Table 4.39 (continued) Coordinates
Page 418 and 419: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Table 4
Page 422 and 423: z Table 4.44 FKM CLASS VII PROPELLA
Page 428 and 429: Theoretical Maximum Density >1.910
Page 434 and 435: Ammonium picrate Raratol(76/24) mix
Page 436 and 437: HMX-Based PBX 9011 PBX 9404 PBX-950
Page 438 and 439: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 0.360 c
Page 440 and 441: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 432 I I
Page 444 and 445: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES Explosi
Page 448 and 449: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES TRANSIT
Page 450 and 451: SHOCK INITIATION PROPERTIES 442 FOI
Page 454 and 455: SENSITIVITY TESTS 5. SENSITIVITY TE
Page 456 and 457: Ammonium nitrate Ammonium picrate B
Page 458 and 459: -’ .-- _- ..- _ “. Cyclotol75/2
Page 460 and 461: Explosive RDX-Based with Metal Fill
Page 462 and 463: SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.2 Skid Test. Th
Page 464 and 465: Explosive Comp A-3 1.638 45 PBX 901
Page 466 and 467: SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.3 Large-Scale D
Page 468 and 469: SENSITIVITY TESTS 5.4 Spark Sensiti
Page 470 and 471: GLOSSARY ABH Amatex-20 ATNI BDNPA B
Page 472 and 473: NP OFHC ONT P-16 P-22 P-40 P-80 P-1
Page 474 and 475: AUTHOR IND Ablard, J. E. 141, 151 A
Page 476 and 477: SUBJECT INDEX ABH 461 Alex/20 204,
Page 478 and 479: pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)
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